Transcript Chapter 5 Evolution and Biodiversity Review

Chapter 5 Evolution and
Biodiversity Review
2014
Answer to multiple choice questions for
chapter 5 pages 141-142
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
B
A
C
D
E
E
9 B
10 C
What is a species?
What is a species?
A species is often defined as the largest group
of organisms that associate with one another
and are capable of interbreeding and producing
fertile offspring.
How do you determine the diversity
of an ecosystem?
A
B
How do you determine the diversity
of an ecosystem? You count the
number of species
Which
picture is
the most
diverse?
A
B
Which picture is the most diverse? A
Calculate the
Species
Richness of
each picture.
Assume that
if it looks
different it is
a different
species.
A
B
Calculate the Species Richness of
each picture. Assume that if it looks
different it is a different species.
Species
Richness
for A is 10
and for B it
is 4
A
B
Another way to calculate diversity is
species evenness. Which diagram has
the greatest species evenness? The
colors represent different species.
Another way to calculate diversity is
species evenness. Which diagram has
the greatest species evenness? The
colors represent different species. A
What is a species?
What is a species? Organisms that can
interbreed and produce fertile young
What is an invasive species?
What is an invasive species? An
organism not native to the ecosystem
that reduces the diversity of the
ecosystem.
Use the phylogeny to identify which
organism is most closely related to
the leopard.
Use the phylogeny to identify which
organism is most closely related to
the leopard. Turtle
Which attributes are shared by
tunas and salamanders?
Which attributes are shared by
tunas and salamanders? Both have
vertebral columns and hinged jaws.
Give two examples of artificial
selection.
Give two examples of artificial
selection.
When a population is suddenly
reduced because of natural disaster,
what happens to the diversity of the
population?
When a population is suddenly
reduced because of natural disaster,
what happens to the diversity of the
population? Diversity decreases.
Is the diversity
loss caused
by density
dependent or
density
independent
factors?
When a population is suddenly
reduced because of natural disaster,
what happens to the diversity of the
population? Diversity decreases.
Is the diversity
loss caused
by density
dependent or
density
independent
factors?
What is the term that describes a
reduction in the genetic diversity of a
population caused by a natural
disaster like fire or clear cutting or
drought or volcanoes or habitat loss?
What is the term that describes a
reduction in the genetic diversity of a
population caused by a natural disaster
like fire or clear cutting or drought or
volcanoes or habitat loss or hunting?
Bottleneck
effect
What is the term for all the
members of a species being killed?
What is the term for all the
members of a species being killed?
Extinction
What do scientists use to determine
the morphology and the time a
species lived if it has gone extinct?
What do scientists use to determine
the morphology and the time a
species lived if it has gone extinct?
Fossils
Name a cellular process that
creates genetic diversity.
Name a cellular process that
creates genetic diversity. Mutation
How does the use of air conditioning
contribute to mutations?
Name a cellular process that
creates genetic diversity. Mutation
How does the use of air conditioning contribute to
mutations? Air conditioners contain cfcs which can
destroy the ozone layer which prevents UV rays (a
mutagen) from reaching earth’s surface.
An adaptation is a trait that improves an
organism’s fitness for an environment.
Name an
adaptation that a
plant located at
35°N on the east
side of a
mountain.
An adaptation is a trait that improves an
organism’s fitness for an environment.
Name an
adaptation that a
plant located at
35°N on the east
side of a mountain.
Needle like leaves
and thick waxy
covering.
How does allopatric speciation
occur?
How does allopatric speciation occur?
Organisms that were once able to
breed become separated from one
another, perhaps by a stream, and then
evolve over time so they can no longer
interbreed.
Which fossil is the oldest?
Which fossil is the oldest? Trilobite
Name 3 factors that contribute to
extinctions.
Name 3 factors that contribute to
extinctions. Loss of habitat, climate
change, invasive species, inability to
adapt, over harvesting, natural
disasters
On average, what happens to
temperature as you move north of
the equator in the winter?
On average, what happens to
temperature as you move south of
the equator in the winter?
On average, what happens to
temperature as you move north of
the equator in the winter? It gets
cooler
On average, what happens to
temperature as you move south of
the equator in the winter? It gets
cooler
Aspen trees favor niches that have
colder temperatures. Birch trees
share similar niches with aspen trees,
but they tolerate warmer climates
better. Which tree would come to
dominate if the amount of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere increased?
Aspen trees favor niches that have
colder temperatures. Birch trees
share similar niches with aspen trees,
but they tolerate warmer climates
better. Which tree would come to
dominate if the amount of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere increased?
What is the difference between a
niche generalist and a niche
specialist?
specialist
generalist
What is the difference between a niche
generalist and a niche specialist? A
specialist can live in only one habitat,
but a generalist can occupy many
different habitats.
specialist
generalist
What is genetic drift?
What is genetic drift?
Change in the genetic composition of a
population over time as a result of random
mating.
Much of the information on your scale
model of the geologic timeline was
concentrated close to the present. If
the earth is 4.6 billion years old, why
are most of the animals and plants
near the present line?
Much of the information on your scale
model of the geologic timeline was
concentrated close to the present. If
the earth is 4.6 billion years old, why
are most of the animals and plants
near the present line? We only have
fossils (hard parts) for the most recent
events.
The earth is 4.6 billion years old.
The Mesozoic Era lasted from 248
million years ago to 65 million years
ago. Determine the percentage of
time the Mesozoic Era comprises of
the geologic time line.
The earth is 4.6 billion years old.
The Mesozoic Era lasted from 248
million years ago to 65 million years
ago. Determine the percentage of
time the Mesozoic Era comprises of
the geologic time line.
248 million years – 65 million years = 183 million years
183 million years/4.6 billion years = 0.04
0.04 * 100 = 4%
Human recorded history has lasted
6,000 years. If the earth is 4.6
billion years old, what percentage of
the earth’s timeline has human
recorded history?
Human recorded history has lasted
6,000 years. If the earth is 4.6
billion years old, what percentage of
the earth’s timeline has human
recorded history?
6,000 years/4,600,000,000 years =
0.0000013 or 1.3 *10-6
1.3 *10-6 *100 = 0.00013% or 1.3 *10-4%
Last Year’s Free Response
Question:
1. You may need to calculate the species
richness and evenness for two tide pool
environments.
2. You may need to compare these diversities to
the general trend of latitude vs diversity.
3. You may need to explain how styrofoam
effects the ozone layer and how that could
influence the species diversity of the two tide
pool environments (pages 52-55) .
Human recorded history has lasted
6,000 years. If the earth is 4.6
billion years old, what percentage of
the earth’s timeline has human
recorded history?
6000 years /4.6 billion years = 6000 years/4600000000 years =
1.3 * 10-8 or 0.000000013
1.3 * 10-8 * 100 = 1.3 *10-6% or 0.0000013 %
Which situations allow for more
rapid evolution?
Which situations allow for more
rapid evolution? Greater genetic
variation, smaller populations,
shorter generation times
Some scientists estimate that the
current global extinction rate is about
30,000 species per year. If there are
currently 15,000,000 species on earth,
how long will it take to destroy all of
Earth’s biodiversity?
Some scientists estimate that the
current global extinction rate is about
30,000 species per year. If there are
currently 15,000,000 species on earth,
how long will it take to destroy all of
Earth’s biodiversity?
15,000,000 species/30,000
species per year
= 500 years
What factors influence the pace
of evolution?
What factors influence the pace
of evolution?
Small population, short generation time, high
species diversity, rate of environmental
change is relatively slow
LAB Ethics
Reliable Data
Unreliable Data
What do scientists do when the have
unreliable data?