Transcript Unit 4: Evolution - Montgomery County Schools

Review
UNIT 4: EVOLUTION
Learning Target 1:
I
can analyze fossil records
to explain evolutionary
relationships.
In 2006, scientists discovered fossilized skeletons of an animal
with several interesting features. Fossil evidence indicated that
the animal not only had scales, fins, and gills, but also had lungs, a
full set of ribs, and limb bones arranged to support the animal’s
weight. The illustration below shows what the animal, called
Tiktaalik, probably looked like based on the fossil evidence.
Which of the following statements best explains why the
Tiktaalik fossils are an important piece of evidence for
evolution?

A. They include skeletons of both males and females.
B. They are complete skeletons of a carnivorous animal.
C. They allow scientists to estimate the animal's lifespan.
D. They show a transitional form between fish and landdwelling vertebrates.
Identify a transitional form from the
image.
A. Elomeryx
B. Pakicetus
C. Dorundon
D. There are no transitional forms shown
Identify a transitional form from the
image.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pakicetus
Aetiocetus
Gray whale
There are no transitional forms shown
Relative dating is
A. Relative Dating involves looking at
corresponding rock layers and realizing that the
layer above is older than the layer below
B. Relative Dating involves looking at
corresponding rock layers and realizing that the
layer above is younger than the layer below
C. Relative Dating uses radioactive isotopes to
figure out the exact age of fossils and their
corresponding rock layer
D. Relative Dating uses corresponding rock layers
to figure out the exact age of fossils and their
corresponding rock layer.
Radiometric dating is
A. Radioactive dating involves looking at
corresponding rock layers and realizing that the
layer above is older than the layer below
B. Radioactive dating involves looking at
corresponding rock layers and realizing that the
layer above is younger than the layer below
C. Radioactive dating uses radioactive isotopes
to figure out the exact age of fossils and their
corresponding rock layer
D. Radioactive dating uses corresponding rock
layers to figure out the exact age of fossils and their
corresponding rock layer.
The diagram below represents a section of
undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock and shows
the location of fossils of several closely related
species. According to currently accepted
evolutionary theory, which is the most probable
assumption about species A, B, and C?
Species A
Species B
Species C
Species D
Speices E
A. Species B is more abundant than species C.
B. Species C existed before species B.
C. Species A and B are genetically identical.
D. Species B descended from species C.
Which of the
following
fossils is the
oldest?
a. Gastropod
b. Trilobite
c. Crinoid
d. Coral
The answer you chose in the
previous question is a correct
because of
a. the law of crosscutting and the law of
inclusions
b. the law of inclusions and the law of faunal
succession
c. the law of crosscutting and the law of
superposition
d. the law of faunal succession and the law of
superposition
Learning Target 2:
I
can explain the similarities
among organisms based on
evolutionary relationships.
Whale fins and bat wings are anatomically
similar. Which of the following does this
suggest about the animals?

A. Whales and bats move in the same way.
B. Whales and bats have a common
ancestry.
C. Whales and bats have existed for the
same amount of time.
D. Whales and bats were once adapted to
the same environment.
Humans have wisdom teeth that are
no longer necessary. This is an
example of…
A. Homologous structures
B. Analogous structures
C.Vestigial structures
D. Embryological structures
The wings of a butterfly and the
wings of a bird are an example of…
A. Homologous structures
B. Analogous structures
C. Vestigial structures
D. Embryological similarities
The similarities between a human’s
neck and a giraffe’s neck are an
exmaple of…
A. Homologous structures
B. Analogous structures
C. Vestigial structures
D. Embryological structures
Which of the following provides the most
conclusive evidence that organisms of two
different species share a common ancestor?

A. They live in the same ecosystem.
B. They reproduce at the same time.
C. They have similar DNA sequences.
D. They have similar body movements.
The bones that make up the forelimbs of
monkeys, cats, whales, and birds are similar.
Which of the following statements best
supports the evolutionary relationship of
these animals?
A. The animals have different ancestries but
have adapted to similar environments.
B. The animals share a common ancestry but
have adapted to different environments.
C. The animals at one time lived in different
environments but now share an environment.
D. The animals use their forelimbs for identical
activities but live in different environments.
Scientists have concluded that snakes
evolved from an ancestor with legs.
Which of the following statements
provides the best evidence for this
conclusion?
A. Most species of snakes live on land.
B. Snakes move extremely fast to catch
their prey.
C. Snakes have a well-developed backbone
and muscular system.
D. Some species of snakes have limb buds
during their embryonic development.
Humans, cats, and whales all have a
similar arrangement of bones in
their limbs. Which of the following
does this similarity most
likely indicate about these animals?

A. They move in the same way.
B. They have a common ancestry.
C. They evolved at the same time.
D. They are comparable in size as adults.
Learning Target 3:
I
can describe how genetic
variations increase the
probability of surviving and
reproducing.
. The diagram below shows many finch species that
originated from a single ancestral finch species in the
Galápagos Islands.
Which of the following statements best explains why many
different finch species originated from the single ancestral
species?
 A. Populations adapted to environmental pressures.
B. Recessive traits in populations were eliminated
over time.
C. Individuals acquired unique characteristics during
their lifetimes.
D. Random mutation caused some individuals to have
harmful traits.
In the deserts of the southwestern United States,
rock formations made from lava flows are found
scattered across the sand. The rock pocket mouse,
which has dark fur, lives on the black lava rocks.
The Apache pocket mouse, which has light fur, lives
on the tan sand. Which of the following statements
best explains how these two types of mice could
have evolved from a common ancestor?
 A. Individual mice changed their fur color to
escape their predators.
B. Natural selection favored different fur colors in
the different habitats.
C. The emigration of mice changed the gene pools
in the original population.
D. The original population of mice spread out
geographically to relieve overcrowding.
Mutations can be considered as one
of the driving forces of evolution
because they
A. contribute to new variations in
organisms
B. are usually related to the environment in
which they appear
C. are usually beneficial to the organism in
which they appear
D. usually cause species of organisms to
become extinct
A chameleon is an example of
a. Chemical defenses
b. Mimicry
c. Camouflage
d. Instinctive behavioral adaptation
The cane toad’s venom is an
example of
a. Chemical defenses
b. Mimicry
c. Camouflage
d. Instinctive behavioral adaptation
The Scarlet King Snake looks very
similar to the Eastern Coral Snake.
This is an example of
a. Chemical defenses
b. Mimicry
c. Camouflage
d. Instinctive behavioral adaptation
How is it possible for some species
become extinct? Why don’t they all
just evolve when the environment is
changing?
a. Mutations are random; sometimes a beneficial
one doesn’t occur before the species becomes
extinct
b. Some species aren’t as smart as others and don’t
mutate quickly.
c. After a certain period of time all species time
expires and it is their time to become extinct
d. None of the above
Learning Target 4:
I
can explain how
embryological development
supplies evidence for the
theory of evolution.