Transcript FUNCTION of the SMALL INTESTINE

Warm Up 5/19
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What are the folds in the stomach called?
Name 5 parts of the tooth.
What enzyme breaks down proteins in the stomach?
What are the two sphincters in the stomach?
What is the name for the whole tube that food goes
through from the mouth to the anus?
What movement takes food down the esophagus and
moves food in the stomach?
*THINK: What system – parasympathetic or
sympathetic - controls digestion?
*What does the pancreas do???
SMALL INTESTINE
NOTES 5/19
Small intestine




Body’s major digestive
organ
Coiled tubes of smooth
muscles
About 20 feet long!
About 1 inch wide
3 DIVISIONS:
1. DUODENUM – 10
inches
2. JEJUNEM – 8 feet
3. ILEUM – 12 feet
MESSENTARY

Thin weblike tissue that holds the small
intestines together
FUNCTION of the SMALL INTESTINE
1.
2.
3.
Digest fats
Finish digestion of all
foods
Absorb food nutrients
PROCESS

Food is only partially digested as it enters the
small intestine

Food (chyme) enters the duodenum through the
pyloric sphincter
When
entering the duodenum, sends hormone out in
blood to
1. slow down production of gastric juice
2. Release bile from gallbladder (cholecystokinin)
3. Stimulate pancreas (secretin)
Accessory organs help the small
intestine to digest



PANCREAS
GALLBLADDER
LIVER
PANCREAS



Pink, leaf shape gland
6-9” long
Under the stomach
FUNCTION
1. Secrete pancreatic
juice into the duodenum
2. Secrete insulin (for
sugar metabolism)

PANCREATIC JUICE
•
An enzyme that:
1. Finishes the digestion of starch
(pancreatic amylase)
2. Finishes the digestion of proteins (trypsin)
3. All fat digestion here (lipase)
Also contains BIOCARBONATE – a base to help
neutralize the acid entering the small intestine

Pancreatic juice enters into the duodenum
through the pancreatic duct.
PANCREATITIS



Inflammation of the
pancreas
It starts to digest itself
Food in small intestine
no being digested –
leads to nutrient
deficiencies
LIVER


Largest gland in the body 3-4 lbs
Under the diaphragm, to the right
FUNCTIONS of the LIVER
1.
2.
3.
4.
Detoxify body from substances entering blood
stream through the small intestine
Secrete bile (breaks down fats)
Store vitamins, sugars, fats
Maintains blood glucose levels
BILE

Secreted by the liver and
stored in the gallbladder
FUNCTION
Helps break down fats
(physically) and absorb
them
GALLBLADDER


Small, balloon shaped
sac under the liver
3 – 4 inches long
FUNCTION
stores bile until needed
and then secretes it into
the duodenum
DUCTS



HEPATIC DUCT – bile leaves the liver through
CYSTIC DUCT – bile leaves the gallbladder
through
COMMON BILE DUCT – bile enters the
duodenum through
ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS
Once all food is digested (broken
down to a liquid), it begins
absorption
VILLI – fingerlike projections inside
the small intestine to help
increase the surface area for
absorption
MICROVILLI – fingerlike
projections on the villi
HOW NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED
Nutrients in the small intestine go
through its microvilli in its wall
by active transport (against
the gradient) or diffusion
Blood vessels in the villi take
nutrients around the body and
“drop” them off to various
cells to be used
Some used for energy,
some for building
muscle, some for storing
energy, etc.
PROBLEMS
CIRRHOSIS – disease of the liver (alcohol main
cause
HEPATITIS – infection of the liver (alcohol or
virus)
HEPATITIS A – infection due to poor
sanitation
HEPATITIS B – infection due to body fluids
JAUNDICE – bile entering the body tissue
SYMPTOMS – yellow skin and sclera
WORMS – intestine parasites








worms in stool
coughing up worms
loss of appetite
fever
wheezing
shortness of breath
abdominal distention (swelling of the abdomen)
severe stomach or abdominal pain
ASCARIASIS – roundworms
- eat eggs
- hatch in intestines
- move to lungs
- up throat and swallow
- back in intestines
- may burrow through intestines and
infect body tissues
HOOKWORMS – attach to intestine wall and
feed on tissues
- fecal content in soil; bare feet
- causes anemia
TAPEWORMS – attach to intestine wall and feed
on food that you eat
- decrease nutrients to body; lose weight
- from undercooked pork, beef, fish
PINWORMS –
•How is pinworm spread?
•Pinworms live as parasites in the intestine.
•At night, adult female pinworms migrate from the
large intestine to the anal area, where they lay their
eggs.
•From the anus, pinworm eggs may be transferred to
other surfaces:
•Underclothes
•Pajamas
•Bedding
•Towels
•Toilets
LABELING
8.
9.
13.
14.
15.
16.
PANCREAS
PANCREATIC DUCT
GALLBLADDER
COMMON BILE DUCT
CYSTIC DUCT
HEPATIC DUCT
The egg-laying activity of the female pinworm can cause itchiness in
the anal area. Scratching can transfer pinworm eggs to the fingers,
especially under the fingernails.
From the fingernails, pinworm eggs may be transferred to a wide
variety of additional surfaces.
Pinworm eggs can live on surfaces for 2 to 3 weeks after being
deposited.
Uninfected people who touch a contaminated surface,
then touch the mouth, may swallow pinworm eggs,
leading to infection.
9. --
LABELING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
Gallbladder
Liver
Hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Duodenum (small
intestine)
10.Jejunem
11.--
12.Ileum (small
intestine)
13.--
14.-15.-16.parotid
Pharynx
18. Esophagus
19. Cardiac sphincter
20. Stomach (pylorus)
21. Pyloric sphincter
22. Pancreas
17.