Transcript Basics of Geography

Do Now!
Make a list of any
country that you know
of… without your
neighbor!!!!!!
Chapter 1
What is Geography??????
The Basics of Geography
• Geography- the study of everything on Earth
– From rocks and rainfall to people and places
• Geographers-people who study geography
– How natural environment influences people, how
people affect the Earth, and how the world
changes
Perspective and Landscapes
• Geographers use these two to study the world
• Perspective: the way a person looks at
something
• Landscape: Scenery of a place
• What is your perspective of Richland?
• What is the landscape of Richland?
Two Main Branches:
Human and Physical
• Human Geography: people study the
distribution and characteristics of the world’s
people
– Where they live, work, and ways of life
• Physical Geography: focuses on Earth’s natural
environment
– Landforms, water features, atmosphere, animals,
plants, etc…..
• These two branches link together by how
people interact with their environment
Who uses geography??
YOU DO!!
•How you choose to get to and from school,
hear about other countries, watch the news, use
your phone…
•Most jobs require the use of geography:
– Restaurant owner?
– Politician?
– Clerk at gas station?
What helps us use geography
• Cartography: the study of maps and
mapmaking (cartographer)
• Meteorology: the study of weather
(meteorologists)
Region
an area with one or more common features that make
it different from surrounding areas
• Regions are defined by their human and
physical features
– Languages, religions; climate, soils
• Regions can have both set boundaries and
unclear boundaries
– Example:
• Set boundary: United States
• Unclear boundary: Tornado Alley
• Can be any size and can be divided into
smaller areas called subregions.
Types of Regions
• Formal- one or more common features that make
it different from surrounding areas
– Based on any feature or combination of features
– Physical, economical, etc….
• Functional- Different places that are linked
together and function as a unit
– City transit system, shopping malls, big cities with
suburbs
• Perceptual-reflect human feelings and attitudes
– “Back home” easy to know but hard to define exactly
– Dixie: seen in different ways
5 Themes of Geography
• Location-exact(absolute) or relative spot of
something
• Place- physical and human features of a
location
• Human-Environmental Interaction-how
people and environments interact
• Movement- How people and things change
locations and the effects of the changes
• Region-organizes Earth in geographic areas
Organizing the Globe
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Latitude
Longitude
Meridians
Parallels
Hemispheres
Continents
Latitude
• Runs East-West
• Measures
distance NorthSouth of
equator
• Also called
parallels
Longitude
• Runs NorthSouth
• Measures
distance EastWest of Prime
Meridian
• Also called
Meridians
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Measure distances in Degrees and Minutes
Latitude= 0-90 N/S
Longitude= 0-180 E/W
Globe is also organized into Hemispheres (4)
– Equator divides globe into North and South
Hemisphere
– Prime Meridian divides globe into Eastern and
Western Hemispheres
Also organized into Continents
Understanding Maps
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Atlas- collection of maps in one book
Scale
Directional Indicators
Legends
Other Elements
Different types of Maps
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Climate
Precipitation
Population
Resources/Land Use
Elevation Maps
Climate Graphs
Population Pyramids
Map Activity: Write and Answer the following
questions
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8.
Tell where the location of the scale is.
Name and give symbols of 5 things located in the legend.
What two states are included on this map?
What river separates the two states listed in #3?
What is this a map of?
In what quadrant is Lee Field Airborne Drop Area located?
What 2 interstates run through 5’E, 81’S
Give the coordinates of an area with a pond, identify the
pond as well.
9. Give the coordinates for the city of Wynnton.
10. Find a multiple track railroad and give the coordinates.