Transcript Dr.Madani
First Report of Anopheles dthali (patton1905) in the Northern Sudan Symposium on: Advances in Parasitology “Education and Research in Parasitology in the service of Mankind “ First Report of Anopheles dthali (patton1905) in the Northern Sudan Researh teem :Mohamed M Eltayeb, Yousif D Elamin,Nadia A Alsamani, Hydar . Osman Masour, Imad M Fadl- Elmula Introduction • Anopheles dthali patton 1905 acts as malaria vector in some parts of the world. This species has been suspected as a vector of malaria in Saudi Arabia, and many of neighboring countries of Sudan. • Anopheles dthali is widespread also in north Ethiopia, Socotra, North West of Pakistan, Southwest of Saudi Arabia, around the Red sea and Adan Gulf • Anopheles dthali Patton 1905 is wide spread also in semi-arid regions from the Atlantic coast of North Africa. • It is extends from the Sudan coast through Ethiopia, and Somalia almost Mogadishu . • Entomological records for northern Sudan since 1908 revealed that An. arabiensis is the only anopheline species that exist between the Second and Fifth Cataracts and it has remained limited to the south of Wadi Halfa. • over the last century with only intermittent forays into Egypt, where it caused at least two serious malaria outbreaks • In 1961 Rishikesh et al reported that An. dthali Patton 1905 is the secondary vector of malaria in the northern region of Somalia • This species have not been recognized in this area before and no previous records at Northern state at all. This finding might complicate the malaria control efforts in the region. • In June 2011, a research team from Elneelain University in collaboration with MDU was started the assessing impact of Merowe dam on mosquito fauna and related parasitic diseases in Merowe dam areas. • During epidemiological and entomological study in Merowe dam areas, it was noticed that strange anopheles mosquito larvae were present at one district in Merowe cityNorthern Sudan (N: 18.48380 and E: 31.83543 Elevation 265m). • They were found in a leaking drinking water pipes. surrounded with vegetation in Merowe city. Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus were found in the same breeding place • For identification purpose these larvae were taken to the National Reference laboratory. The larvae were reared up to adult for further identification. the identification of the species was conducted using software keys modified by Edward (Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III) key (1941) besides, the anopheline mosquito’s key of South western Asia and Egypt. The Key Result The result showed that the studied mosquito was identical to the species An.dthali Patton 1905 adult mosquito . Discussion • Current malaria control methods were based on the assumption that Anopheles arabiensis is the only malaria vector in northern Sudan . • The recently adopted integrated malaria vector control programs involved mainly IST Insect sterilization technique that focused on Anopheles arabiensis. • The current discovery of Anopheles Dthali Patton 1905 will definitely require more studies on the biology, ecology and vectorial capacity of the species. • The extended agricultural development and water spread may favor advancement of new mosquito species , some of them with capacities to transmit malaria • Therefore the malaria control programs authorities should be aware that it is possible to have more than one malaria vector in the region. Merowe dam • Is located in the Northern State of Sudan across the River Nile. The dam is a hydroelectric and irrigation scheme that may probably develop climatic and environmental changes which might have profound impact on the vectors and vector borne diseases in the area. References 1. RISHIKESH N: Anopheles dthali Patton as a possible secondary vector of malaria in the northern region of the Somall Republic. WHO/Mal/ 1961, 308: 1-2. 2. Christophers SR: The Fauna of British India. Diptera 1933, IV. 3. Shililu J, Ghebremeskel T, Mengistu S, Fekadu H, Zerom M, Mbogo C et al.: Distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in Eritrea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003, 69: 295-302. 4. Gillies MT, DeMeillon B. The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara. 54. 1968. Johannesburg, south African Institute for Medical Research. Ref Type: Report 5. Malcolm CA, Welsby DA, El Sayed BB: SIT for the Malaria Vector Anopheles arabiences in Northern State Sudan: An Historical Review of the Field Site. AREA-WIDE CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS 2007, 4: 361-372. 6. Edwards WF: Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. – Culicine Adults and Pupae. British Museum (Natural history), London; 1941. 7. JAYSON IG: Illustrated key to the female Anopheles of Southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). MosquitoSystematics 1992, 25: 125-151.