Transcript Sumerians

Agenda
• Physical Geography – Europe
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Mesopotamia and the Fertile
Crescent
•Widely regarded as the “cradle of
civilization,”
Mesopotamia is Greek for “land between two rivers.”
Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), the developers of writing
Babylon (1792-1595 B.C.), led by Hammurabi, who
developed the eye-for-an-eye legal code
Assyria (883-612 B.C.), the masters of warfare and the
first people to effectively use chariots.
The culture of Mesopotamia spread to Palestine,
Greece and Rome and became components of our
culture today.
Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), go from huntergatherer society to agricultural (farming)
Warm-Up
• What type of landforms might isolate
cultures from each other?
Europe Physical Geography Map
3
Current Europe Political Map
4
Current Physical and Political Map of Europe Layers of Information
5
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Alps
Apennine
Balkan
Pyrenees
• Serve as a
barrier
• Isolate
cultures
Mountains
Peninsulas
• Peninsula – a piece of land nearly surrounded on
all sides by water
• Northern
– Scandinavian
– Jutland
• Southern
– Iberian
– Italian
– Balkan
• How would being
surrounded/near water
affect way of life?
Oceans and Seas
• North Sea
• Bay of Biscay
• Mediterranean Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• Baltic Sea
• Norwegian Sea
• Black Sea
• Aegean Sea
• English Channel
Rivers
Benefits
• transport goods between interior and coastal
cities
• Aided movement of ideas
Danube
– Touches 9
countries
– Connects to
central
Europe to
Russia and
Middle East
Rhine River
• Connects Central Europe to England
Northern European Plain
• One of
World’s most
Fertile
Regions
• Flatness,
provided an
easy entrance
for invaders
throughout
History.
Unique Features
• Fjords
– Steep valley’s carved by Glaciers and then
filled with seawater
• Polders
– Land in the Netherlands that is drained and
dried
• Canals
– City of Venice made up of Islands
– Boat is primary source of travel
FJORD
S
How do you create a Polder?
Zuider Zee
• The Dutch built
a dike across
its entrance.
• It gradually
became a
freshwater lake.
• Allowed Dutch to
reclaim once
flooded land.
Resources
• Coal and Iron
– Large supply
– Peat – partially decayed plant matter used in
Ireland burned as an energy source
• Oil
– Found in the North Sea
• Land
– 33% Suitable for Agriculture
– World average is 11%
Major Factors that influence climate in
Europe
• Ocean Currents
• North Atlantic Drift
– Warm water current that
moderates the temperature
• Winds
• Mistral – cold wind from
North
• Sirocco – Warm wind
from Africa
• Mountains
• Block winds and moisture
Prevailing westerlies
(wind) blow West to East
Key Terms + Main Ideas Review
• Physical Geography is responsible for:
– Isolating cultures
– Varied Climates
• Humans have had to adapt by:
– Becoming excellent sailors
– Living in unique areas
• Venice - Canals
• Netherlands – Polders