Transcript India Pakistan

India:
6°44' and 35°30' North latitude
68°7' and 97°25' East Longitude
Pakistan:
30°and 0' North Latitude
70°and 0' East Longitude
India: The country is
divided between two
time zones so the hours
of the days and nights
do differ
Pakistan: The country only has
one time zone so the hours of
the days and nights are the
same.
India: Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)+5.5 hrs
Pakistan: Time zone (GMT)+ 5 hrs.
India: The Tropic of
Cancer passes
through the middle of
India, the whole
country is considered
to be tropical.
Pakistan: Tropic
of Cancer passes
through the
bottom of the
country
India:
 Calcite(most famous,
is found in the
Deccan Traps)
 Mica
 Aventurine quartz
 Hollandite (first one
found)
Pakistan:
 Epidote
 Morganite
 Tormaline
 Aquamarine
 Garnets
 Apatites
India
 It appears to have risen as a result of a
collision between the drifting Indian
plate and the Tibetan plate of South
Asia about 50 million years ago.
 The Himalayas reached their present
heights much later.
 The subcontinent's subsequent collision
with the Eurasian Plate and subduction
under it, gave rise to the Himalayas, the
planet's highest mountains, which now
abut India in the north and the northeast.
 Impingement of the Indian Plate has
continued for about 50 million years,
whereas the Arabian Plate collision is
more recent and began about 20
million years ago.
Pakistan
 As oceanic crust is sub ducted
under a continental margin a
sequence of distinctive landforms
develops:
 Linear ranges of accreted
material lie along the coast
 A topographic depression form
farther inland.
 The Northern Areas and Azad
Kashmir also lie mainly in Central
Asia along the edge of the Indian
plate and as a result are prone to
severe earthquakes where Eurasian
and the Indian plates collide.
Rivers
The main rivers are the
Himalayan group:
The Indus
The Ganga
The Brahmaputra
Watersheds
There are mainly three water-sheds.
Himalayan range with its Karakoram
branch in the North
Vindhyan and Satpura ranges in Central
India
 Sahyadri or Western Chats on the West
Coast.
All the major rivers of India originate in one
or the other of these watersheds.
India:
 The north, north east and north west lie the Himalayan
ranges Himalayas, the highest mountain system in the
world, it is also one of the world's youngest mountain
ranges.
 Patkai and allied mountain ranges run along the IndoBangladesh-Burma border.
 Aravalli range in north-western India is one of the oldest
mountain systems in the world .
 Vindhyan range traverses nearly the whole width of
Peninsular India
Pakistan:
 Tirich Mir Mountain
 Thar Desert
India and Pakistan:
Encompassed by the India Ocean,
and Arabian Sea
India:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Kanchenjunga 8,598 m
Pakistan:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
India:
Released an average 1.2 tons of
Carbon dioxide per person in 2004
Pakistan:
97,409 tons of Carbon dioxide since
1998
India:
Pakistan
 Northeast Trade winds blow
throughout the winter months.
 During the Northern Hemisphere
summer however, the ITCZ is shifted
well to the north of the equator, when
the midday Sun is overhead at the
Tropic of Cancer at latitude 23.5°
north.
 The Southeast Trade winds now cross
the equator, and are deflected to the
right by the Coriolis force, forming the
Southwest Monsoons.
 This summertime airflow picks up
considerable moisture crossing the
Indian Ocean, and brings a heavy and
prolonged wet season to India and
Southeast Asia through April to
September, known as the Monsoon.
 High altitude mountains in an area
where wind patterns are
concentrated.
 Such wind patterns commonly
blow dust from the coastal valleys
into the water.
 In most rainfed areas of Pakistan,
the soils have developed from
wind and water transported
materials and consist of loess, old
alluvial deposits, mountain outwash and recent stream valley
deposits.
India:
Pakistan:
 Hot tropical weather with
variations from region to region.
 Coolest weather lasts from
December to February.
 Really hot weather, is between
March and May.
 Monsoon rains occur in most
regions in summer between June
and September.
 Southwest: Humidity is extreme
 Southeast: Tamil Nadu has
monsoons between October and
December. Humidity are high all
year
 Northeast: March to June and
September to November are the
driest and most pleasant periods
 Average humidity: 40- 60 %
 Has three seasons:
 Winter (November to March)
 Is warm and cooled by
sea breezes on the coast;
 Summer (April to July)
 Has extreme
temperatures
 Monsoon season (July to
September)
 Has the highest rainfall on
the hills. Karachi has little
rain.
 Average humidity 31 %
 Climate: Temperate
 How mountains, altitudes, proximity to large body of water affects the climate:
 43% sandy beaches, 11% rocky coast including cliffs, and 46% marshy coast.

India's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of
which drive the monsoons.
 The Himalayas prevent cold Central Asian katabolic winds from blowing in, keeping
the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes.

The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture-laden southwest
summer monsoon winds that, between June and October, provide the majority of
India's rainfall
 Marine or continental climates: Marine
 Arid or humid climates, how this refers to the latitudes: Humid, due to having the tropic
of cancer pass right through the country.
 Microclimates: India hosts six major climatic subtypes, ranging from arid desert in the
west, alpine tundra and glaciers in the north, and humid tropical regions supporting
rainforests in the southwest and the island territories. Many regions have starkly
different microclimates.
 Climate: Temperate
 How mountains, altitudes, proximity to large body of water affects the
climate:
 There is little rainfall.
 These generalizations should not, however, obscure the distinct
differences existing among particular locations.
 The coastal area along the Arabian Sea is usually warm, whereas the
frozen snow-covered ridges of the Karakoram Range and of other
mountains of the far north are so cold year round that they are only
accessible by world-class climbers for a few weeks in May and June of
each year.
 Marine or continental climates: Marine
 Arid or humid climates, how this refers to the latitudes: The climate is
generally arid, characterized by hot summers and cool or cold winters, and
wide variations between extremes of temperature at given locations.
 Microclimates: Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic
in north
India
 Bounded on the south west by the
Arabian Sea and on the south east by
the Bay of Bengal
 Salinities
 Less than 35 parts per thousand
have been recorded in the upper
150 feet of the sea, while during the Pakistan
dry season (November to March)
 When the northeast monsoon winds  Is also on the southern side
of the country, there you
blow, salinities of more than 36
will see the Arabian Sea,
parts per thousand have been
recorded at the surface over the
and past the Arabian sea is
entire Arabian Sea north of latitude
the Indian ocean.
5° N, except off the Somali coast.
 A salinity of 35 psu
India: Suffer from droughts; flash floods, as well as
widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal
rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes
Pakistan: Suffer from frequent earthquakes, occasionally
severe especially in north and west; flooding along the
Indus River after heavy rains (July and August)
Pakistan:
Includes 4 Biomes:
The Desert
Temperate Grassland
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Mountain Ranges
India:
Includes 4 Biomes:
The Tropical Rain Forest
The Himalayan Mountains
Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical Deciduous Forest
India:
 Population: 1,147,995,898
 Median age:
 total: 25.1 years
 male: 24.7 years
 female: 25.5 years
 Population growth rate:1.578%
 Birth rate: 22.22/1,000 population
 Death rate: 6.4/1,000 population
 Net migration rate:-0.05 migrant
 Sex ratio:
 at birth: 1.12 male/female
 under 15 years: 1.1 male/female
 15-64 years: 1.06 male/female
 65 years and over: 0.9 male/female
 total population: 1.06 male/female
 Total fertility rate:2.76 children
Pakistan:
 Population: 167,762,040
 Median age:
 total: 21.2 years
 male: 21 years
 female: 21.4 years
 Population growth rate:1.805%
 Birth rate:26.93/1,000 population
 Death rate:7.83/1,000 population
 Net migration rate:-1.05 migrant
 Sex ratio:
 at birth: 1.05 male/female
 under 15 years: 1.06 male/female
 15-64 years: 1.05 male/female
 65 years and over: 0.89 male/female
 total population: 1.05 male/female
 Total fertility rate:3.58 children
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
http://www.tourism.gov.pk/Index.html
http://www.incredibleindia.org/
http://www.stone-network.com/rocks/minerals.html
http://www.rocksandminerals.org/rm8002.php
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft%3Aenus&q=ro
cks+and+minerals+found+in+India
http://www.mineralsweb.com/Upt-Pakistan-New-Mineral-Specimens
Fine-minerals-direct-from-the-source/p/3/81/0/
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=aXyxZq5axU
M&refer=india
http://www.wunderground.com/global/Region/i_IN/Humidity.html
http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/climate/Older/Pressure_Patterns.html