Transcript Romanian National costumes

TRANSILVANIA
Romania is one of
the few countries in
the world where, in
2000, some people in
villages are still
wearing traditional
costumes on
weekdays, not only
during certain
holidays. Romania
distinguishes itself
through an
extraordinary variety
of wonderful
costumes.
HARTIBACIU
On the whole, Romanian
folk costumes can be
divided into seven
folkloric regions.
Romanian folk costumes
can be divided into
ethnographic zones, their
numbers ranging
between 40 and 120,
depending on the person
who is making the
classification and the
criteria used.
FAGARAŞ
TARA LOVISTEI
Romanian port has
the same general
features resemblance
throughout the
country, with
differences in details
of course, with
changes of shape,
cut, or only by the
use of combing and
ornaments. It has as
the essential feature,
unity through variety,
different costumes
being characteristic
to specific regions
and areas.
SIBIU
The history of the Romanian folkloric
port
The Romanian Folk finds its roots in
our ancestors’ port the Thracians and
Dacians and it resembles to that of the
peoples in the Balkan Peninsula, of
course with differences consisting in
decorative details and
colors. Throughout history, the
structure and evolution of the
Romanian folk costume has kept
unchanged its key features. From the
artistic achievements made with raw
material produced in peasant
households, Romanian folk has
evolved over the centuries, proving a
rich craftsmanship of the Romanian
peasants, both in decorating fabrics
and embroidery, and also in obtaining
vegetable
MOLDOVA
BACĂU
The variety of the folkloric
port
Thus, depending on the
occasion, the costume could
be simpler, starting from the
one used during agricultural
work, to the most beautiful
ornate, one used at the
wedding. The difference in
the costumes is also reflected
in age groups, so the
children’s, although the type
of clothing is the same, it has
some differences. For
example, the difference lies in
changing women’s head
decoration, which differs
when comparing the
unmarried daughter to the
married woman
BOTOSANI
The female folkloric costume
In general, the female costume is composed of:
shirt, hem and the part which is covering the part
from the waist down which differs from one region
to another. It has different names depending on its
shape and the area, it can be "catrinta", "valnita",
"fota", "opreg".These pieces are woven from wool,
with simpler or more complicated ornamentation
depending on the geographical area. The shirts
have the same ornamental parts, with some
chromatic and ornamentals differences. O
completion to the women’s port is the great variety
of the female ‘head ornamentation’ which differs
from one area to another, even from village to
village, depending on the value of this finery
beauty fabrics and embroidery or other ornaments
for this purpose. They consist of: head dress,
wimple, ‘cepse’ or wreath. Other parts of the
women’s costume are belts and ‘betelele’ which
show outstanding artistic
achievements. Characteristic to the female
costume of all regions consist in using as
background, of the white color, the of flax, hemp
and wool fabrics.
CIUC
IAŞI
The male folkloric costume
The male costume is simpler,
consisting of a long shirt in the
south and east of the country
and a shorter one in the north
and west, and the pants are
long and skinny in the south
and east and in the north and
west of the country they are
shorter and wider. They are
made of canvas or homespun
cloth. Over the shirt, men put a
belt or girdle homespun or a
‘chimir’
made
of
skin,
depending on the region and
occupation. During the winter,
over the clothes described
above it is worn thick clothes,
beautifully
decorated,
and
leather coats and vests.
ROMAN
VRANCEA
The ornamentation of the Romanian
costumes
The main element in the ornamenting
the Romanian costume consisted in
the decoration way, both as that
placement and the composition of the
motifs, which are placed in specific
areas. In general, the ornamentation
of the costumes is geometric, styling
the natural forms of inspiration, such
as birds, flowers, animals. Specific to
the Romanian costume is the
chromatic element, characterized by
sobriety and balance in the use of
color in their harmoniously
combination, resulting in obtaining
tasteful and artistic refinement of
color effects. The base colors are:
black, red, dark brown, blue, green
and purple.
CÂMPULUNG
DORNA
GURA HUMORULUI
SUCEAVA
MARAMUREŞ
OAŞ
The similarity of the
popular costume worn
today to the one worn by
the Dacian ancestors
generations ago,
represented the
monuments of classical
antiquity, of which the most
famous are The Trajan's
Column in Rome and The
Trophaeum Trajani from
Adamclisi in Dobrogea,
proves millennial
persistence of costumes,
which appear nowadays
into an evolved form.
For Romania is the
origin of one of the
oldest civilizations of
classical European
antiquity, the ThracianDacian heiress, in turn,
has six millennia of
agrarian civilization of
the Neolithic and
Bronze Age. The
Carpathian-DanubianPontical space
preserved the remains
of the most important
historical, linguistic
and ethnographic
Eastern Romanism
relicts.
ARAD
BANAT
Embodiments with golden thread
The positive function of the
emptiness, of the field, that
rhythmic factor
through this
relaxed way, the Romanian folk art
is an island in the East European
spirit ... the spirit of the measure.
"The vivid colors are never harsh
and gloomy colors are never dull.
The gold and silver threads
inserted into fabric, the "altiţele"
and the "rivers" sewn with silk,
gold sequins and silk ‘maramele’
give the females’ costumes from
these areas a special elegance and
fluffiness. And the Banatean’
costume, in the western part of the
country, changed its style under the
influence of the Baroque decor,
enriching the original fund without
altering it.
Oltenia
Women's Costumes
Folk female costume is distinguished from the male’s costume.
What are the parts that form these two suits, with their specific
names?
The folk costume for feast in Oltenia, worn by women, consists of
a dress, a blouse (“ie”) with hem, which may be integral or not;
two skirts, like an apron (named “zăvelci” or “boşcelele”), placed
one in front and the other behind, then the veil for covering the
head, different ways of being bound, depending on age and
social condition. The blouse is sewn with red embroidery (named
“altiţă”). The foot of the skirt has “şabac” - ornamental holes
made in cloth – and it is also beautifully sewn with red, it is
adorned with sequins, but much less than in other regions of the
country, where the suit can be full of beads.
• From the point of view of the structure, we find two types of
blouses in Oltenia: the one unwrinkled and the one with wrinkled
collar. We insist on the latter category whereas in this region, it
reaches the heights of creation techniques. Its name comes from
wrinkling braid (front and rear) and the upper sleeve wrinkle.
Decorative compositions made with tinsel wires with metal or
beads multicolored butterflies are arranged on the collar, chest,
back, hem, sleeves - the latter present embroidery, wrinkled, with
lines or compact seams, distributed throughout surface, without
free spaces, with predominant geometric shapes. The pieces of
cloth are connected by small keys or wrinkles (“făgurel”) - latest
for the space under the collar and the sleeve bent.
• The aprons belong to the first category, being worn in pairs (one
in front, one in back) having or not equal size. The ornaments on
these aprons are usually disposed either vertically or horizontally.
Oltenia
Men's Costumes
Romanian folk costume represents eternity and an ethnic
individuality.
Men's costumes from Oltenia are simpler than female without
many differences from region to region. They consist of:
• shirt (long as a dress) - is made of woven cloth. The hem
has embroidery made of white “macramé” (cotton yarn) and
flowers of different colors sewn with the needle.
• belt - is made of woven wool. It is warn around the waist (it
is red, blue, white, orange, green)
• pants – for summer they were made of hemp, flax, cotton,
for winter they were made of wool four-wire braided, known
as “dimie” (or abá, cloth).
• coat - is made from sheepskin. On the edges are flowers of
different colors sewn with the needle.
• The traditional costume is indeed a living document that
tells, in a word, the think about the world and life of the
community it represents. Regarding the traditional costumes
from Oltenia you can distinguish a north-south variation
arrangement. So, those in the plain region have suffered the
strongest Balkan influences, which are found in
phytomorphic and zoomorphic motifs, with gold thread used
generously; in the mountains geometrical, traditional motifs
predominate. Overall, it gives a certain touch of sobriety,
archaism that characterizes the northern costumes, in
contrast to the plain region, which presented a lot of
decorative forms.
Lucia Banu
Andreea Stancu
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission.
This presentation reflects the views only of the
authors, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the
information contained therein.