Transcript Population and Migration

POPULATION and
Urban Development
Thought Questions:
1. What things would cause people to leave a
certain place?
2. What factors would cause people to move to a
certain place?
PUSH & PULL FACTORS
The push factor involves a force which
acts to drive people away from a place.
The pull factor is what draws people to
a new location.
Migration – Push & Pull Factors
 Most people move because of economic or
political reasons
 Pushed from a bad situation
 Less developed country
 Pulled to a better situation
 More developed country, access to resources,
better economy
 People also move from rural to urban areas
 Huge demand on city infrastructure and
economy
 Job market, living quarters
Urban Development 3 Basic Land Use Patterns
 Residential – Single
family housing and
apartments
 Commercial – Used for
private businesses and
retail.
 Industrial - Areas
reserved for
manufacturing
REGIONS
Part of the Earth’s surface that is alike
or connected in some way, such as by
politics, economics, culture, or
environment.
1) Formal Region, 2) Functional Region,
and 3) Perceptual Region
DEMOGRAPHY
Demography: The study of population
Demographer: A person who studies demography
Demographics: the statistical data of a population showing
age, gender, income, education, etc.
GLOBALIZATION
Describes an ongoing process by which
regional economies, societies, and
cultures have become integrated
through a globe-spanning network of
communication and trade.
1) Eastern Asia has the
greatest
concentration of
people on Earth – it
is centered in China
and has 21% of
Earth’s population.
2) Southern Asia is the
second largest
concentration of
people – it is
centered in India
and has 16% of the
Earth’s pop.
3) Western Europe is
the third largest
concentration.
In Western Europe
people are
concentrated near
natural resources
needed for industry.
4) East Central North
America is the
fourth largest
center concentrated
in the NE US and
SE Canada.
In the US, the chain
of cities start from
the city of Boston to
south of
Washington DC.
- This is called a
megalopolis.
Africa has 12% of
the Earth’s
population.
Largest cluster of
people found in
the Nile River
Valley.
Cairo is the largest
city in Africa.
South America is
lightly populated
compared with other
continents.
Patterns of people
live along the edges
of the continent – SE
Buenos Aires in
Argentina,
Montevideo in
Uruguay, and Rio de
Janeiro and Recife in
Brazil.
Australia has the
fewest number of
people.
They are
concentrated
along the eastern
and southern
coasts.
(17.5 million people
total on the entire
continent. – as
much as the NYC
metro area)
North Pole
World Population by Continent
Population Density
 The number of
people in a unit
of space
 Example:
8,000 people
per square
mile
Population Issues –
The 20th century world population "explosion," from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 6.1 in
2000, was a direct result of the rapid decline in mortality rates in less
developed countries. As death rates declined, life expectancy rose, leading to
higher population.
Population explosion
issues:
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how to increase food
supplies
how to make better use of
farmland
how to improve eating
habits and to take
advantage of resources
how to find new sources of
food.
Food Supply
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The rate of population growth was more than the
amount of food produced.
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More than 13 million to 18 million people die each
year because they do not have a good diet.
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(35,000 a day; 24 a minute – most are children)
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More land is needed for agriculture
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Productive farming methods
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More productive farming techniques
Using new food sources
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New sources of food
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Today 90% of the world’s food comes from 15 crops and 7 livestock animals.
There are more than 10 million kinds of plants and animals on Earth.
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
& STANDARD OF LIVING
Over Population
 Over Population: the number of people exceeds the
resources available in an area
 Carrying Capacity: the number of organisms a piece of
land can support without negative effects.
POPULATION PYRAMIDS
Population Pyramids
 Graph that shows the percentage of population in
certain age groups
 Separates Male and Female
 Allows you to make predictions
Deciphering Population Pyramids
 http://www.prb.org/Multimedia/Video/2009/distilleddemographics1.aspx
In this first video, "Deciphering Population Pyramids," PRB senior demographer
Carl Haub shows how population pyramids give us a snapshot of a country's
demographic profile. But what do they tell us about a country's past and future?
"These videos not only show that demography can be exciting, but also highlight
how population trends and issues affects the well-being of us all," says Haub.
"Fertility, mortality, and migration—along with other demographic issues—play a
major role in determining what kind of opportunities and challenges people face
in their communities and countries."
Stage One
 High Birth Rate
 High Death Rate
 Result: slow growth rates
 Pre-industrial, hunter/gatherer societies in remote
areas.
 High Birth Rate
Stage Two
 Low or Falling Death Rate
 Result: Rapid Growth Rate
 Very LOW Standard of
Living
 Found In Least Developed
Countries
 South America
 Southern Africa
 Asia
Stage Three
 Moderate to High Birth Rate
 Low Death Rate
 Result: Explosive Growth Rates
 Causes a large population increase, but standard of
living remains low
 Developing Countries and the Newly Industrialized
Countries
 Found In Countries:
 Mexico
 Southeast Asia
 Middle East
Stage Four
 Low birth rates
 Low death rates
 Result: slow or no growth
rates
 Population slowly
increases, with a high
standard of living
 Developed Countries
 USA
 Canada
 Australia
 Europe
Stage Five
 Negative Birth Rate
 NEGATIVE or NO GROWTH
 Low Death Rate
 Result: No growth, even
population loss
 Population begins to shrink,
usually has a high standard
of living
 Found In “Post-Developed”
Countries
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Germany
Sweden
Norway
Italy
Rapid, Slow, Zero and Negative Population Growth
http://www.bio.georgiasouthern.edu/bio-home/harvey/lect/images/agestructure.gif