Transcript BASIC HORSE NUTRITION

Dr. Debra Powell
EQUINE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
EQUINE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FOREGUT: Mouth, Esophagus,
Stomach, Small Intestine
•Grinding of food to reduce particle size
•Saliva to moisten and buffer
FOREGUT: Stomach
FOREGUT: Small Intestine
Digestion of: sugars, starch, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals
HINDGUT: Cecum, Large Colon,
Small Colon, Rectum
Digestion of: fibrous feeds (hay, grass)
HINDGUT: CECUM & LARGE
COLON
Microbes digests fibrous feeds
Creates B-complex vitamins & vitamin K2!!!
OVERVIEW OF GI SYSTEM
ARE YOU SMARTER THAN YOUR
HORSE?
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS FOR ALL CLASSES
Vitamins
and
Minerals
Feed
Forage
BASIC NUTRIENTS
BASIC NUTRIENTS
HOW MUCH?
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
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Mcal of DE/day
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Maintenance
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Growth
Work
Production
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Older
Draft
Miniatures/ponies
Gestation
Lactation
Mcal of DE/lb feed
Digestible Energy/day
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Lack of Energy
Excess Energy
BASIC NUTRIENTS
PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS
% Crude Protein
14
12
669-906g
1535 – 1265g
10
893g
8
630g
6
4
2
0
700-1000g
BASIC NUTRIENTS
Cannot Meet Requirements
Except Sodium
Calcium : Phosphorus
% of Diet
CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
CALCIUM & PHOSPHORUS
SOURCES
LEGUMES HIGH IN Ca
GRAINS HIGH IN P
GRASSES EQUAL Ca:P
SODIUM & CHLORIDE &
IODINE
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Salt required at ½ to
1% of diet
OR free-choice
Trace mineralized or
plain white?
COPPER & ZINC & MAGNESIUM
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Necessary for proper
bone formation & muscle
function
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Current recommendation:
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Cu : 42 ppm
Zn : 170 ppm
Most commercial feeds:
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Cu : 60 ppm
Zn: 180 ppm
SELENIUM
Ohio is low
Req’t 1.00-1.25ppm
IRON
Req’t 400-500mg
BASIC NUTRIENTS
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
B-complex and C
•Microbes in large intestine synthesize
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
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Commonly in diet
Lose with storage
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Stored within fat and
liver
VITAMIN K & A
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Vitamin K
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Blood coagulation
Microbes
Vitamin A
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Vision
Reproduction
Immunity
Req’t 15-30 IU/kg bwt
VITAMIN D & E
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Vitamin D
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Utilization of Calcium
Sunlight
Req’t 5000 - 3300 kg/diet
Vitamin E
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Antioxidant
Req’t 1000 – 500 kg/diet
FEED TO MEET NUTRIENT NEEDS
Not on tradition…folklore…trade secrets
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