Transcript ppt - U H Home

5G Wireless Communications
Enabling Technologies
ECE4317 Class 27
Acknowledgement
Tianyu Wang, Hongyu Cui, Boya Di, Yun Liao, Radwa Sultan, Yunan Gu,
Huaqing Zhang, Yanru Zhang, Zhiwen Hu, Siavash Bayat, and Yonghui Li
Tutorial presentation, IEEE Globecom 2016, DC, USA
History of Mobile Communications
1900: Famous patent No. 7777, "tuned or syntonic telegraphy"
1900: Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company Limited founded
1901: Transmitting the first wireless signals across the Atlantic between Poldhu,
Cornwall, and St. John's, Newfoundland, a distance of 2100 miles.
1909: The Nobel Prize in Physics
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A Market Needs both Technology and Application
From data … to voice … to everything
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Standardization Facilitates Technology Evolution
• Each new evolution builds on the established market of the previous
1995
2000
2005
2010
to CDMA:
Frequency
Time
From
TDMA:
Time
• Backwards-compatible evolution
• But larger technology steps require revolutions:
to OFDMA:
Frequency
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2015
Future Wireless Challenges
Explosion of data traffic
VS
Limited spectrum
Source: Irish Regulator ComReg Announces Results of its 4G Spectrum Auction
Fig. Networking
2 Results ofIndex
Irish 4G
Spectrum
Fig.1 Cisco Visual
Global
MobileAuction
Data Traffic Growth
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KPIs
Key Performance
Indicators (KPIs)
10Gbps
2010 2011 2012
2020
1000X Capacity
10X User Rate Anywhere 10X Peak Data Rate
(Traffic and Connections) (100M-1Gbps)
(10+Gbps)
6 Key Requirements
Spectrum Efficiency
20
18
4G Peformance
5G Requirement
16
Efficiency(bps/Hz)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-10
1000X Energy&Cost Reduce 10X Low Latency,
High reliability
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-5
0
5
10
SINR(dB)
15
20
25
5-10X Spectrum
Efficiency
30
Future Wireless Challenges: Analysis
Signal to Noise plus
Interference Radio
Scaled Transmission
Time
Capacity：C = N * W * T * log(1 + SINR)
No. of APs
Bandwidth
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Evolution
（1）
Evolutions
Ultra Dense Deployment:
LTE-Hi and Further Evolution
More Scenarios and Use Case：
M2M, D2D, V2X
Cell Edge User Experience:
Coordination and Comp,
Advanced IC
Link Efficiency:
Massive MIMO, 3D-BF,
Full-duplex
Flexible Network and High
Smart Network:
Reliability: Mobile Relay, UE Relay, Service & Environment Awareness
MAC direct,
SON; Multi-Radio/Multi-RAT SON
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Rethinking “Cells” in Cellular
Small
Cell
Coop
MIMO
Relay
DAS
How should cellular
systems be designed?
Will gains in practice be
big or incremental; in
capacity or coverage?
• Traditional cellular design “interference-limited”
– MIMO/multiuser detection can remove interference
– Cooperating BSs form a MIMO array: what is a cell?
– Relays change cell shape and boundaries
– Distributed antennas move BS towards cell boundary
– Small cells create a cell within a cell
– Mobile cooperation via relays, virtual MIMO, network coding.
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Green” Cellular Networks
Pico/Femto
Coop
MIMO
Relay
DAS
How should cellular
systems be redesigned
for minimum energy?
Research indicates that
significant savings is possible
• Minimize energy at both the mobile and base station via
– New Infrastuctures: cell size, BS placement, DAS, Picos, relays
– New Protocols: Cell Zooming, Coop MIMO, RRM, Scheduling,
Sleeping, Relaying
– Low-Power (Green) Radios: Radio Architectures, Modulation, coding,
MIMO
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Ad-Hoc Networks
• Peer-to-peer communications
– No backbone infrastructure or centralized control
•
•
•
•
Routing can be multihop.
Topology is dynamic.
Fully connected with different link SINRs
Open questions
– Fundamental capacity region
– Resource allocation (power, rate, spectrum, etc.)
– Routing
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Software-Defined (SD) Radio:
Is this the solution to the device challenges?
BT
Cellular
A/D
FM/XM
GPS
A/D
DVB-H
Apps
Processor
WLAN
Media
Processor
Wimax
A/D
DSP
A/D
 Wideband antennas and A/Ds span BW of desired signals
 DSP programmed to process desired signal: no specialized
HW
Today, this is not cost, size, or power
efficient
SubNyquist sampling may help with the A/D and DSP requirements
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Cognitive Radios
CRTx
IP
NCR
NCR
CR
CR
MIMO Cognitive Underlay
NCRTx
CRRx
NCRRx
Cognitive Overlay
• Cognitive radios support new users in existing
crowded spectrum without degrading licensed
users
– Utilize advanced communication and DSP techniques
– Coupled with novel spectrum allocation policies
• Multiple paradigms
– (MIMO) Underlay (interference below a threshold)
– Interweave finds/uses unused time/freq/space slots
– Overlay (overhears/relays primary message while
cancelling interference it causes to cognitive receiver)
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Wireless Sensor Networks
Data Collection and Distributed
Control
•
•
•
•
•
•




Smart homes/buildings
Smart structures
Search and rescue
Homeland security
Event detection
Battlefield surveillance
Energy (transmit and processing) is the driving constraint
Data flows to centralized location (joint compression)
Low per-node rates but tens to thousands of nodes
Intelligence is in the network rather than in the devices
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
NOMA
Time + Code + Frequency + Power ?
Evolution
NOMA
Research
Directions
Reference
Conclusions
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15
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
PD-NOMA
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16
Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering
Comparison
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17
Software-Defined Network Architecture
Video
Freq.
Allocation
Vehicular
Networks
App layer
Cloud Computing
Security
Power
Control
Self
Healing
ICIC
M2M
QoS
Opt.
Health
CS
Threshold
Network Optimization
UNIFIED CONTROL PLANE
HW layer
Distributed Antennas
WiFi
Cellular
mmWave
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…
Ad-Hoc
Networks
mmWave Massive MIMO
10s of GHz of Spectrum
Dozens of devices
Hundreds
of antennas
• mmWaves have large non-monotonic path loss
– Channel model poorly understood
• For asymptotically large arrays with channel state
information, no attenuation, fading, interference or noise
• mmWave antennas are small: perfect for massive MIMO
• Bottlenecks: channel estimation and system complexity
• Non-coherent design holds significant promise
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What is the Internet of Things:
• Enabling every electronic device to be
connected to each other and the Internet
• Includes smartphones, consumer
electronics, cars, lights, clothes, sensors,
medical devices,…
• Value in IoT is data processing in the cloud
Different requirements than smartphones: low rates/energy consumption
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LTE-U
• Continually Changing
• Industry defined coexistence with 3GPP Release 12 –
primarily USA
– Already incorporates 3GPP 10 and 11
– Built on carrier aggregation of LTE-Advanced
•
•
•
•
No license required to use spectrum
Radios must comply with existing FCC Part 15 regulations
Non-exclusive spectrum use
Spectrum subject to interference
–
–
–
–
Consistency, Accessibility and Reliability
Disrupts existing WiFi
Quality of Service
Discontinuous Transmission
• Capacity over Coverage
– No new deployments in locations without existing licensed
coverage
• Significant performance gains over WiFi
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LTE-U Frequencies
 Power
 Frequency and
use specific
 Typical:
200 mW
indoor
1 W outdoor
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Social Networks
A social network is a
description of the social
structure between actors,
mostly individuals or
organizations. It indicates the
ways in which they are
connected through various
social familiarities ranging
from casual acquaintance to
close familiar bonds.
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Cloud Architecture
24
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LTE-V
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Fundamentals of Wireless Charging
A. Wireless Charging Technologies:
• Wireless charging is usually realized through inductive
coupling, resonance coupling, and non-directive RF
radiation
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Cooperative Transmission
• New communication paradigm
– Exploring broadcast nature of wireless channel
– Relays can be served as virtual antenna of the source
– MIMO system
– Multi-user and multi-route diversity
Destination
Destination
Phase 1
Phase 2
Sender
Sender
Relay
Relay
– Most popular research in current wireless communication
– Industrial standard: IEEE WiMAX 802.16J
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PHY Security: Simple Example
Wireless transmission of a user
– Eavesdropped by an eavesdropper
Notion of secrecy capacity
– Maximum rate sent from a wireless node to its
destination in the presence of eavesdroppers
Secrecy capacity of user 1 :
– C1 = (Cd1 - Ce1)+
I can hear
User 1!
Cd
1
Ce1
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