Transcript here

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P2P Live Streaming: Selected Systems
Dmitri Moltchanov
Tampere University of Technology
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
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Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction
SopCast
PPLive
TvAnts
TVU networks
Experimental Tests
Conclusions
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Introduction
• Lot of open source and proprietary P2P streaming implementations
• P2P media streaming is pretty new technology and there are no de
facto standard(s)
• Majority of implementations have been created and mostly used in Far
East
SopCast
PPLive
TvAnts
TVUPlayer
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Summary of Existing Peer-to-Peer
Media Streaming Technologies 1/4
Software
Home page
Live
VoD
Abacast
http://www.abacast.com/
X
X
ACTLab TV
http://www.actlab.tv/
Afreeca
http://afreeca.com/
X
AllCast
http://www.allcast.com/
X
BitTorrent DNA
http://www.bittorrent.com/dna/
X
CloneCast
http://clonecast.free.fr/
X
Coolstreaming Mediacenter
http://www.coolstreaming.us/hp.php?lang=en
X
End System Multicast
http://esm.cs.cmu.edu/
X
Freecast
http://www.freecast.org/
X
Global Media Services
http://globalmediaservices.net/
X
X
X
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Summary of Existing Peer-to-Peer
Media Streaming Technologies 2/4
Software
Home page
Live
VoD
Itiva
http://www.itiva.com/
X
X
Joost
http://www.joost.com/
MaxTV
http://www.max-tv.be/?lng=en
X
Mediazone
http://www.mediazone.com/index.html
X
X
NiFTyTV Online Television
http://www.niftytv.com/
X
X
Nodezilla
http://www.nodezilla.net/
X
Octoshape
http://www.octoshape.com/
X
P2P-Radio
http://p2p-radio.sourceforge.net/
X
P2PLive
http://www.p2plive.org/
X
Pcast
http://itv.mop.com/
X
X
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Summary of Existing Peer-to-Peer
Media Streaming Technologies 3/4
Software
Home page
Live
PeerCast
http://www.peercast.org/
X
Peerstream
http://www.peerstream.net/
X
PPLive
http://www.pplive.com/
X
PPStream
http://ppstream.com/
X
QQLive
http://live.qq.com/
X
RawFlow
http://www.rawflow.com/
X
ShareCast
http://www.scast.tv/scast/
X
SopCast
http://www.sopcast.com/
X
Stream-2-Stream
http://s2s.sourceforge.net/
X
StreamAudio
http://www.streamaudio.com/
X
VoD
X
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Summary of Existing Peer-to-Peer
Media Streaming Technologies 4/4
Software
Home page
Live
VoD
StreamerOne
http://www.streamerone.com/
X
Streamer P2P Radio
http://www.streamerp2p.com/
X
Swarmcast
http://www.swarmcast.com/
X
Trevbus
http://www.trevbus.org/
X
Tribler Streaming
http://tribler.org/trac/
X
TvAnts
http://www.tvants.com/
X
TVU networks
http://www.tvunetworks.com/
X
Uusee
http://www.uusee.com/
X
Vatata
http://www.vatata.com/en/
X
X
Veoh
http://www.veoh.com/
X
X
Vuze
http://www.vuze.com/
Zattoo
http://zattoo.com/
X
X
X
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SopCast
• Developed as student project at Fundan University in China
• Closed source (shows ads while loading stream)
• Encoding formats
•
•
•
•
Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA)
Advanced Systems Format (ASF)
RealMedia (RM), RealMedia Variable Bitrate (RMVB)
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3)
• SopCast has three components
• SopPlayer to view live channels and for own broadcasts
• WebPlayer plugin for WWW browsers to play SopCast channels
embedded in WWW pages (requires the player itself)
• SopFilter plugin for Windows Media Player to watch SopCast channels
directly in Windows Media Player (WMP)
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SopCast
• Supported OSs
• Windows
• Linux
• Requires separate media player (WMP, RealPlayer, MPlayer,
VLC…)
• All channels are published by users and only for test purpose
• Mesh-based overlay
• Chunk-based stream partitioning
• Channel server queried to obtain an updated channel list
• Root servers (trackers) queried to retrieve online peer list after
user has selected channel to view
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SopCast Buffering Techniques
• Two buffers
• SopCast buffer
• Media Player Buffer
• Received chunks are stored in the SopCast buffer
• When SopCast buffer threshold is exceeded, local Media Player
is launched and it retrieves data from the SopCast buffer using
local WWW server
• After the Media player buffer is filled actual playback begins
Fallica, B., Yue Lu, Kuipers, F., Kooij, R., Van Mieghem, P. , "On the Quality of Experience of SopCast," Next Generation
Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies, 2008. NGMAST '08. The Second International Conference on , vol., no.,
pp.501-506, 16-19 Sept. 2008
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The Topology of SopCast Streaming System
http://www.sopcast.com/docs/encoder.html
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SopCast Screenshots
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PPLive
• Developed at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in
China
• Freeware but proprietary
• Encoding formats
• WMV
• ASF?
• RMVB
• Supported OS
• Windows
• Requires separate media player (WMP or Real Player)
• Mesh-based overlay
• Chunk-based stream partitioning
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PPLive
• Channel server queried to obtain an updated channel list
• Root servers (trackers) queried to retrieve online peer list after
user has selected channel to view
• Two buffers like in SopCast
X. Hei, C. Liang, J. Liang, Y. Liu, and K.W. Ross, "A Measurement Study of a Large-Scale P2P IPTV System“, IEEE
Transactions on Multimedia, vol.9, no.8, pp.1672-1687, Dec. 2007
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PPLive Screenshots
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PPLive Screenshots
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TvAnts
• Freeware application developed at Zhejiang University in China
• All the needed features like content search and stream playout are integrated
to the TvAnts client
• Supported OS
• Windows
• TvAnts offers specific information about the network statistics
• Users may for example watch how the buffer is filled and which parts are available
• Upload and download statistics, and CPU usage of the different software
components are also monitored
• Mesh-based overlay
• Chunk-based stream partitioning
• TvAnts is based on a tracker system where content information is gathered
from different trackers and listed in the TvAnts client
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TvAnts Screenshots
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TvAnts Screenshots
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TvAnts Screenshots
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TVU networks
• TVU networks was founded in 2005 and it is headquartered in
Mountain View, California with Asia Pacific offices also in
Changhai, China
• TVUPlayer to view live channels
1. Standalone application for Windows and Mac OSX
2. Plugin to play channels embedded in WWW pages
3. TVUPlayer Mobile (Windows Mobile 5, 6 or 6.1)
• TVUBroadcast to create a live TV channel
• Windows and Linux
• Web-based interface
• TVU account needed to be able to broadcast
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TVU Broadcast Platform
http://pages.tvunetworks.com/broadcast/how_it_work.html
• At the core of the platform is TVU network's patent-pending Real-time
Packet Replication (RPR) technology
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TVU Broadcast Platform
http://pages.tvunetworks.com/broadcast/how_it_work.html
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TVUPlayer Screenshot
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TVUBroadcast Screenshot
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Experimental Tests 1
• Selected P2P media streaming systems are analyzed to see how
suitable those are for the mobile usage
• Tested applications
• SopCast, TvAnts and TVUPlayer
• Used network connections
• EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA, ADSL and LAN
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Experimental Tests 1: Bootstrap Times
• The bootstrap time (initial buffering time)
• Time from pressing the play button to a good user experience
• Is dependent on the delay and throughput of the access network
SopCast
Connection
~ 64
kbps
EDGE
59 s
1
~350
kbps
-
2
~ 600
kbps
-
2
-
2
87 s
~ 350
kbps
-
2
2
~ 600
kbps
-
2
2
~ 100
kbps
105 s
47 s
1
~ 350
kbps
-
2
-
2
2
HSDPA
14 s
65 s
74 s
59 s
71 s
87 s
37 s
51 s
58 s
ADSL
14 s
62 s
69 s
62 s
72 s
80 s
31 s
56 s
62 s
LAN
13 s
54 s
36 s
59 s
69 s
77 s
22 s
26 s
28 s
Sometimes the stream works with this connection and sometimes it does
not. It is not recommended to use this connection with this stream.
Connection is not suitable to be used with this stream.
-
2
~ 600
kbps
24 s
2
-
2
~ 100
kbps
TVUPlayer
UMTS
1
-
2
TVAnts
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Experimental Tests 1: Stream Buffer Sizes
• Values were measured by disconnecting from the access
network and measuring how long the stream continued to play
without noticeable interrupts
• There might be data in the buffer also after this time period, but, e.g.,
TvAnts stopped to play the stream when the first discontinuity in the
buffer occurred
• Average stream buffer sizes
• TVUPlayer ~45s
• TvAnts ~45s
• SopCast ~47s
• After the initial buffering is performed, delay and jitter in the
access network do not have much effect to the user experience
• Big buffer size will smooth the variation between packet arrival times
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Experimental Tests 2
• Different aspects of the operation and network impact of selected
P2P media streaming systems are analyzed
• Tested applications
• SopCast, TvAnts and TVUPlayer
• Two channels from each application (one sports and one
news/documentary channel) were selected and studied for 2
days in a traditional residential environment with an Internet
access that is shared by all residents
• “We do not include PPLive in this study due to its very limited usage in Europe,
which can be explained by the fact that most of its channels are blocked to IP
addresses of European and American clients due to transmission rights.”
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Experimental Tests 2
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Experimental Tests 2
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Experimental Tests 3
• Tested application
• PPLive
1.One PC for active peer list crawling
2.Four PCs for passive sniffing
• Two PCs connected to Polytechnic University campus network with 100 Mbps
Ethernet access
• Two PCs connected to residential networks through cable modem located at
Manhattan and Brooklyn
• “The number of simultaneous users watching a PPLive broadcast of the annual spring festival gala
show on Chinese New Year Eve on January 28, 2006. We observed that PPLive broadcasted this
event to over 200 000 users at the bit rate in the 400-800 kbps range, corresponding to an aggregate
bit rate in the vicinity of 100 gigabits/s.”
• “Based on our measurement results during Feb. 5-12, 2007, PPLive provides 320+ channels with
2600000+ daily users on average. A popular channel may attract 55000+ users daily with the peak
of 15000+ concurrent users.”
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Experimental Tests 3: Passive Sniffing
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Experimental Tests 3: Peer List Crawling
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Conclusions
• Mesh-based overlay seems to be most popular
• BitTorrent-like chunk-based partitioning is quite often used in the
media delivery
• However, partitioning based on fixed byte ranges is not the best
solution for streaming a continuous media, which is of variable bit
rate nature
• Standardization work started in Peer-to-Peer Streaming Protocol
(PPSP) IETF working group
• Signalling and control protocol between trackers and peers to handle
the initial and periodic exchange of meta information between
trackers and peers
• Signalling and control protocol for communication among the peers to
control the advertising and exchange of media data availability
between the peers