Transcript Chapter 4 - Planning Application Services

Planning Application Services
Lesson 4
Deploying Application Servers
• Organizations supply their employees with
computers so that they can get work done, and to
accomplish this goal, the users need computer
programs designed to aid them in the
performance of specific tasks. These programs are
also known as applications.
Deploying Application Servers
• Architecturally, applications in the enterprise can
take several forms, but all of these forms typically
involve a server in some fashion, as follows:
– Client-run applications.
– Client/Server applications.
– Distributed applications.
Applications Running on a Client
Computer
Applications Running on a Single Application Server
Client Computer Accessing Application Server, Which
Retrieves information from a Database Server
Application Servers
• To plan for an efficient enterprise network, IT personnel
must consider what applications the users will require,
how many users will run each application, and what
server resources those applications need to run properly.
• Conducting an inventory of the users’ needs enables the
network designers to address basic design questions such
as the following:
– How many application servers do I need?
– What hardware should the application servers contain?
– Where should the application servers be located?
Application Server Roles
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Application Server
Fax Server
File Services
Hyper-V
Print Services
Streaming Media Services
Terminal Services
Web Server (IIS)
Application Server Roles
• Windows Server 2008 computers can perform
multiple roles at the same time.
Application Server Roles
• With that consideration in mind, you might think
it is a good idea to purchase the most powerful
computer you can find, one with sufficient
hardware resources to run all of the server roles
the enterprise needs.
Application Server Roles
• You should also consider:
– Fault tolerance
– Resource allocation
– Availability
– Scalability
– Security
– Network traffic
– Update management
File Services Role
•
•
•
•
•
•
Distributed File System
File Server Resource Manager (FSRM)
Services for Network File System
Windows Search Services
Windows Server 2003 File Services
Share and Storage Management
Terminal Services Role
• Windows Server 2008 provides an alternative to
individual workstation installations in the form of
Terminal Services.
• Terminal Services is a technology that enables users
working at another computer on the company network
or on the Internet.
• It provides:
–
–
–
–
Single application installation.
Low bandwidth consumption.
Broad-based client support.
Conservation of licenses.
Hyper-V Role
• Virtualization is the process of deploying and maintaining
multiple instances of an operating system, called virtual
machines (VMs), on a single computer.
• Each virtual machine contains a completely separate copy of the
operating system with its own virtual hardware resources,
device drivers, and applications.
• To the network, each virtual machine looks like a separate
computer with its own name and IP address.
• As a result, you are not combining the security risks of multiple
roles in a single operating system instance.
• You update each instance of the operating system separately.
Windows Server 2008 supports virtualization in the form of the
Hyper-V role.
Hyper-V Role
• Virtualization provides the following advantages:
– Server consolidation
– Backups
– Testing and education
– Compatibility
Web Server (IIS) Role
• Originally, Web servers were designed to respond to
requests for Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files
generated by client browsers.
– These HTML files, when interpreted by the browser,
display Web page content.
• Eventually, Web pages grew in complexity, incorporating
images into their content, and then audio and video, and
finally applications.
• Today, organizations use Web servers for a huge variety
of applications, servicing clients on intranets, extranets,
and the Internet.
Web Server (IIS) Role
Web Server (IIS) Role
Web Server (IIS) Role
• The Web Server (IIS) role in Windows Server 2008
implements, as its core, Internet Information Services 7.
• IIS 7 provides the basic Web server functionality that
enables you to publish a standard Web site on the
Internet or on a private network.
• IIS 7 also includes a large number of optional role
services that provide support for virtually any type of
Web-based application deployment, as well as
management, diagnostic, and security functions.
Role Services for the Web Server (IIS)
Role
UDDI Services
• Originally designed to be the basis for a
worldwide directory of Internet sites and services,
it is now more common for large organizations to
use Universal Description, Discovery, and
Integration (UDDI) as an internal catalog of their
available Web services.
• Clients on the company intranet or a protected
extranet can use a Web interface to access the
catalog and search for the services the company’s
Web servers provide.
UDDI Services
• The UDDI Services role in Windows Server 2008
consists of the following role services:
– UDDI Services Database — Provides a central storage
location for the UDDI catalog and the service’s
configuration settings.
– UDDI Services Web Application — Implements a Web
site with which users and applications can access the
UDDI catalog to search for Web services on the
network.
Print Services Role
• Includes:
– Print Server
– LPD Service
– Internet Printing
Fax Server Role
• Sending and receiving faxes through the network can be
an enormous convenience and Windows Server 2008
includes a Fax Server role that includes the Fax Service
Manager application, which enables administrators to
monitor fax devices, create fax rules and policies, and
manage all of the faxes for the organization.
• The Fax Server role has no optional role services from
which to choose.
– It does require the installation of the Print Services role.
Streaming Media Services Role
• The Streaming Media Services role enables an
application server to provide digital audio and
video content to network clients in real time,
using HTTP or the Real Time Streaming Protocol
(RTSP).
• The clients run a media player application that
processes the content as they receive it from the
server.
Steaming Media Services Role
• When you install the role, you can choose from
the following role services:
– Windows Media Server — Enables the application
server to stream media to clients on the network.
– Web-based Administration — Provides a Web-based
interface for managing media server functions.
– Logging Agent — Enables the media server to maintain
logs of statistics received from clients.
Deploying Applications
• When you install application service roles on a
Windows Server 2008 computer, you are creating
an appropriate server environment for running
applications, but you still have to install the
applications themselves.
• Installing applications with:
– Group Policies.
– System Center Tools.
Deploying Applications Using Group
Policies
• Windows Server 2008 includes a basic Software
Installation feature, incorporated into Group
Policy, which you can use to automate application
deployments to all or part of a network.
Deploying Applications Using
Group Policies Limitations
• Cannot deploy software to Microsoft Windows
Server operating systems.
• Lack scheduling and multicasting capabilities.
• By default, they apply to all users or computers in
the domain.
Regulating Policy Applications Using Permissions
System Center Tools
• For more extensive application deployment capabilities, you
have to turn to network management products outside of
Windows Server 2008.
• Microsoft System Center Essentials 2007, designed for
medium-sized organizations, and Microsoft System Center
Configuration Manager 2007, designed for large enterprises,
are both products that you can use to deploy applications, as
well as perform a wide variety of other network management
tasks.
• Both of these products rely on Windows Server Update
Services 3.0 and use SQL Server databases to store
information about the computers on the network.
Terminal Services
• Terminal Services is the modern equivalent of
mainframe computing, in which servers perform
most of the processing and clients are relatively
simple devices that provide the user interface.
• Terminal Services works by running applications
on a Windows Server 2008 server and enabling
desktop computers to operate those applications
from a remote location.
Terminal Services Components
• Terminal Server
• Remote Desktop Connection Client
• Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Terminal Services
Remote Desktop Connection
RDC and ActiveX Control
• By default, Windows Server 2008 Terminal
Services includes the downloadable ActiveX
control for clients that are not running Remote
Desktop Connection 6.0 or later.
• This includes all computers running Windows
operating systems prior to Windows XP SP2, and
Windows XP SP2 computers that don’t have RDC
6.0 installed.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Planning a Terminal Services
Deployment
•
•
•
•
Security
Licensing
Local resources
Memory management
Advantages of Terminal Services
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduced client hardware requirements.
Simplified application deployment.
Easy configuration and updates.
Low network bandwidth consumption.
Support for thin clients.
Conservation of licenses.
Power savings.
No client backups.
Remote control help and training.
Terminal Services
• Keep in mind that while Terminal Services might
save money on desktop hardware, you might have
to upgrade your servers (or purchase additional
ones) to support the Terminal Services traffic, and
you will certainly have to purchase Terminal
Services client access licenses (TS CALs) for your
users or devices.
Terminal Services Hardware
• The selection of appropriate hardware for a
terminal server should be based on the following
factors:
– Number of users connected to the server at any one
time.
– Applications users need.
– Number of users who access each application.
– Using RemoteApp vs complete remote desktops.
RemoteApp
• RemoteApp is a new Terminal Services feature that
enables clients to run terminal server applications within
individual windows.
• The windows are resizable.
• They have standard system menu and title bar buttons,
and they are not constrained by a Terminal Services
desktop.
• A RemoteApp window is, in most cases, indistinguishable
from a window containing a local application.
RemoteApp
• When two different client computers launch RemoteApp
applications using the same terminal server, the server
creates two separate sessions, each with its own
virtualized environment.
• However, when a single client computer launches two
RemoteApp applications on the same terminal server, the
server uses one session for both applications.
• Therefore, it is possible for a fault in one application to
affect the performance of the other.
Terminal Server Licensing
• A Terminal Services deployment needs only one TS
Licensing server for the entire installation regardless of
the number of terminal servers on your network.
• The process of installing a TS Licensing server and
preparing it for use consists of the following basic steps:
–
–
–
–
Install the TS Licensing role service.
Activate the TS Licensing server.
Install the TS CALs on the TS Licensing server.
Configure the licensing settings on the terminal servers.
Terminal Services Licensing Mode
Hyper-V Architecture
Windows Server 2008 and Hyper-V
Hyper-V Manager Console
Settings Configuration Interface
for Hyper-V Virtual Machine
Summary
• Applications in the enterprise can take several
forms including client-run applications,
client/server applications, and distributed
applications.
• The number of roles a server can perform
depends on the computer’s hardware
configuration, the hardware requirements of the
role, and the size and scope of the enterprise.
Summary
• Distributing server roles among several computers
has several distinct advantages including fault
tolerance, ease of resource allocation, high
availability, server scalability, security
configuration, dispersed network traffic, and
simpler update management.
Summary
• Terminal Services works by running applications
on a Windows Server 2008 server and enabling
desktop computers to operate those applications
from a remote location.
Summary
• To make the desktop or application appear on the
client computer, the server transmits data and
instructions that enable the client to render the
graphical interface on its display.
• In return, to manipulate the applications running
on the server, the client program transmits the
user’s keystrokes and mouse movements.
Summary
• Terminal Services implements the server, client,
and protocol elements with the following three
components: Terminal Server, Remote Desktop
Connection client, and Remote Desktop Protocol
(RDP).
Summary
• Clients connecting to a Windows Server 2008
terminal server must have client access licenses,
in addition to any licenses needed for their
operating system and applications.
• Terminal Services provides a 120-day grace period
during which licenses are not necessary.
Summary
• RemoteApp is a new Terminal Services feature
that enables clients to run terminal server
applications within individual windows. The
windows are resizable; they have standard taskbar
buttons, and they are not constrained by a
Terminal Services desktop.
Summary
• A virtual server is a complete installation of an
operating system that runs in a software
environment emulating a physical computer.
• Applications such as Microsoft Virtual Server 2005
and the Windows Server virtualization technology
in Windows Server 2008 make it possible for a
single computer to host multiple virtual machines,
each of which runs in a completely independent
environment.
Summary
• Hyper-V is a new server role that provides hypervisorbased virtualization on 64-bit Windows Server 2008
computers.
• This enables the administrator to create multiple virtual
machines on a single physical computer, each of which
runs a separate operating system.
• You can virtualize individual applications, as well as
operating systems, by using Terminal Services
RemoteApp or Microsoft SoftGrid Application
Virtualization.