Transcript PPT-01-b

WINDOWS
NETWORKING
KRISTEN WILLIAMS
MOSES IKE
OBJECTIVES
• Introduction to Networking – OSI Reference Model
• Connecting Network Devices - NICs
• Installing and Configuring NICs, Wireless NICs
• IP Addresses – Intro and Configuration
• Network Commands – Testing/Tracing Connections
• Using network monitoring tools – Wireshark, Netstat, etc.
• Default Windows Network Profiles (Home, Work and Public)
• DNS – Domain Name System
• Security- Windows Firewall: Intro and Configuration
WHAT IS NETWORKING ?
Networking is the way we connect devices/computers
and make them talk to each other.
OSI REFERENCE MODEL
A model that describes
the communication
functions of the different
layers in a network
device
CONNECTING NETWORK
DEVICES
Network Interface Card
Or Network Adapter
• NICs are hardware components used to connect
computers or other devices to the network. NICs
are Layer 2 devices.
• The provide physical connections identified by
MAC address on a network
CONNECTING NETWORK
DEVICES
Network Interface Card
Or Network Adapter
• Like all network devices, NICs are also found in IP
cameras, Printers, Scanners, Smart TV, Xbox
• Need Drivers to communicate with the Operation
System.
INSTALLING A NETWORK
ADAPTER
• Read the vendor’s instructions
• Plug N Play NICs (PnP) should work without much hassle
• If not PnP, you need to install the driver that came with it
• The operating system should detect the new piece of
hardware and start a wizard that leads you through the
process of loading the adapter’s driver
• Sometimes you have to restart, Sometimes you don’t
CONFIGURING A NETWORK
ADAPTER
After you have installed the network adapter, you may view
and configure it Windows Device Manager.
Control Panel -> System And Security -> System ->
Device Manager
NETWORK ADAPTER
PROPERTIES
• Accessing the network adapter properties allows you to view and
change configuration or manage the parameters of the adapter.
• The available tabs depend on the hardware manufacturer
WIRELESS NICS
• Wireless technology has matured to the point of becoming costeffective and secure. The use of wireless network adapters is
increasingly popular, scaling well out of the home and into the
workplace. Windows 7 supports wireless auto configuration,
which makes wireless network connections easy to use.
• Windows 7 will automatically discover the wireless networks
available and connect your machine to the preferred network.
Although this connection is convenient, you must still take certain
considerations into account, such as security
TROUBLESHOOTING A
NETWORK ADAPTER
• Network Adapter not on the HCL (Hardware Compatibility
List)
• Outdated Driver
• Network Adapter Not Recognized by Windows 7
• Improperly Configured Network Card
• Cabling Problem
IP ADDRESSES
Logical Addresses that identifies every computer
• IPV4: 32 bits: 4 Octets: 4.2 Billion
• IPV6: 128 bits: 8 hex: 3.4 * 1038
Private Addresses (Not Routable in the Internet)
• 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 – 172.32.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.25.255
Public Addresses (Routable in the Internet)
• Every Other Address
DEPLOYMENT OPTIONS FOR
TCP/IP CONFIGUARTION
Windows 7 has four methods available for configuring
TCP/IP
• Static IP addressing
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
• Alternate IP configuration
CONFIGURING STATIC
ADDRESSES
• You can manually configure IP addressing if you
know your IP address and subnet mask.
•
If you are using optional components such as a
default gateway or a DNS server, you will need to
know the IP addresses of the computers that host
these services as well.
• This option is not typically used in large networks
because it is time consuming and prone to user
error.
SETTING UP DHCP
• Dynamic IP configuration assumes that you have a
DHCP server on your network that is reachable by
the DHCP clients.
• DHCP servers are configured to automatically
provide DHCP clients with all their IP configuration
information, including IP address, subnet mask, and
DNS server. For large networks, DHCP is the
easiest and most reliable way of managing IP
configurations.
• By default, a Windows 7 machine is configured as a
DHCP client for dynamic IP configuration.
WINDOWS APIPA ADDRESSES
• APIPA. (Automatic Private IP Addressing)
• The Windows function that provides DHCP
autoconfiguration addressing.
• APIPA assigns a class B IP address from
169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 to the client when a
DHCP server is either permanently or temporarily
unavailable
USING MULTIPLE IP ADDRESSES
• Windows 7 allows you to configure more than one
network adapter in a single computer, an approach
known as multi-homing.
• You can also configure multiple IP addresses on the
same network adapter in Windows 7, an approach
known as logical multi-homing.
USING ALTERNATE
CONFIGUARTION
• Alternate Configuration is designed to be used by laptops and
other mobile computers to manage IP configurations when the
computer is used in multiple locations and one location
requires a static IP address and the other require dynamic IP
addressing.
• For example, a user with a laptop might need a static IP
address to connect to their broadband ISP at home, and then
use DHCP when connected to the corporate network. Alternate
Configuration works by allowing the user to configure the
computer so that it will initially try to connect to a network using
DHCP; if the DHCP attempt fails
• The alternate static IP configuration is used. The alternate IP
address can be an APIPA or a manually configured IP
NETWORK COMMANDS
Retrieving Information About your Network Connection
COMMANDS:
getmac
ipconfig/all
ipconfig/release
ipconfig/renew
TESTING CONNECTIONS
PING COMMAND
• Ping <IP ADDRESS>
• Ping <Hostname | Domain Name>
• Ping
-t : To keep pinging repeatedly
• Tracert google.com
NETWORKING TOOLS
WIRESHARK
A free and open-source packet analyzer that captures
network packets and displays packet details for easier
examination.
NETWORKING TOOLS
NETSTAT
A network related tool, useful when troubleshooting
networking issues. This command is capable of displaying
network connections, local routing table, network interface
statistics, etc.
Netstat Switches:
-a: active
connections
-e: statistics
-p: protocol
specific
-r: routing table
NETWORKING TOOLS
TCPVIEW
A Windows program that will show you detailed listings
of all TCP and UDP connections on your system,
including the local and remote addresses and state of
TCP connections.
WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES
Home network:
These are used for home networks or when you know and trust the
people and devices on the network. Computers on a home network can
belong to a HomeGroup. Network discovery is turned on for home
networks, which allows you to see other computers and devices on the
network and allows other network users to see your computer.
• Computers on a home network must belong to a workgroup, but they
can also belong to a HomeGroup. A HomeGroup makes it easy to
share pictures, music, videos, documents, and printers with other
people on a home network.
• A HomeGroup is protected with a password, but you only need to
type the password once, when adding your computer to the
HomeGroup.
WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES
Work network (private):
These are used for small office or other workplace networks. Network
discovery, which allows you to see other computers and devices on a
network and allows other network users to see your computer, is on by
default, but you can't create or join a HomeGroup.
• All computers are peers; no computer has control over another
computer.
• Each computer has a set of user accounts. To log on to any computer
in the workgroup, you must have an account on that computer.
• There are typically no more than twenty computers.
• A workgroup is not protected by a password.
• All computers must be on the same local network or subnet.
WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES
Public network:
• These are used for networks in public places (such as
coffee shops or airports).
• This location is designed to keep your computer from
being visible to other computers around you and to help
protect your computer from any malicious software from
the Internet.
• HomeGroup is not available on public networks, and
network discovery is turned off.
• You should also choose this option if you're connected
directly to the Internet without using a router, or if you have
a mobile broadband connection.
WINDOWS NETWORK PROFILES
Domain network:
These are used when location is used for domain networks such as
those at enterprise workplaces. This type of network location is controlled
by your network administrator and can't be selected or changed.
• One or more computers are servers. Network administrators use
servers to control the security and permissions for all computers on
the domain. This makes it easy to make changes because the
changes are automatically made to all computers. Domain users
must provide a password or other credentials each time they access
the domain.
• If you have a user account on the domain, you can log on to any
computer on the domain without needing an account on that
computer.
• You probably can make only limited changes to a computer's settings
because network administrators often want to ensure consistency
among computers.
• There can be thousands of computers in a domain.
• The computers can be on different local networks.
DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)
• The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed
naming system for computers, services, or any resource
connected to the Internet or a private network.
• Translates Human Readable Domain names to IP addresses
• An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is
that it serves as the phone book for the Internet
• DNS lookup command
nslookup <domain name>
nslookup google.com
DNS - CONFIGURATION
• Control Panel -> Networking and Sharing
Center
• These setting will override the DNS settings sent
through DHCP so it is acceptable for most users of
Windows.
You will need admin
rights in order to
perform the task to
change the DNS
configuration
SECURITY: WINDOWS FIREWALL
Firewall Rules Helps you to configure connections you want to
allow or disallow.
E.g. You make disallow all ICMP packets
Control Panel ->
System and Security
-> Windows Firewall
QUESTIONS ?