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Why Worry About the WWW?

Intranets -- with lots of HR applications
»
»
»
»
policies/procedures
job postings
benefits & other transactions
hiring & other workflows

Great job skill

Easy to get started
Some Internet Basics

Network of networks
– Packet switched vs. line switched
– Every machine has an IP address
(e.g., 35.9.5.31 is "pilot.msu.edu")

Domain Names
» EDU, COM, GOV, ORG, NET & geographic
names (CA, JA, etc.)
Some Internet Jargon
» TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Intenet
Protocol)
» PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
– allows you to dial in from home
– Dynamically assigns IP address
» POP server (Post Office Protocol)
– sends/receives email
» DNS (Domain Name Server)
– translates domain names into IP addresses.
What is the WWW?

Network of HTML documents (and other
resources) on WWW servers

One server can contain many "sites" (e.g.,
SSC has many departmental sites,
commercial services have many sites)

Browsing versus searching
» Browsing: following links
» Searching: automated, usually via an index
Some More Jargon

HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language)
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HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol)
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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
» “http://www.ssc.msu.edu/~lir”
» “ftp://pilot.msu.edu/”
» local file name

FTP: File Transfer Protocol
» For moving large files (or large numbers of files)
Browsers are Clients

Browsers make requests to servers

Browsers use “helpers” or “plug-ins” to handle
more functions
» Acrobat: opens “.pdf” files
» Stuffit expander: opens “.sit” and “.hqx” files

Need special interfaces to connect to
databases (e.g., Active Server Pages)
What is HTML?

Mark-up language: instructions on how to
format text & graphics
» Headers, paragraphs, blank lines, etc.
» bold, italics, color, etc.
» Lists, tables, etc

Hypertext -- links within and between
documents

Special screen management features
» Forms
» Frames
Basic HTML Document Structure
<HTML>
<HEAD>
except for the title, the document head contains
information that is not displayed in the browser
</HEAD>
<BODY>
the document body is displayed in the browser
</BODY>
</HTML>
Simple tags

Headers
» <H1> is biggest, <H6> is smallest
» <H1> text of header </H1>
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Text flow
» paragraphs: <P>
» line breaks <BR>

Emphasis:
» italics: <I> italicized text </I>
» bold: <B> bold text </B>
» underline: <U> underlined text </U>

Lines
» <HR size=n width=n% align=“left/right/center”>
Lists

Ordered:
<OL>
<LI> first item in list </LI>
<LI> next item in list </LI>
</OL>

Unordered:
<UL>
<LI> first item in list </LI>
<LI> next item in list </LI>
</UL>

You can put lists inside lists.
Images

The image goes in a separate file
(e.g., “file.img”)

Add it to your document like this:
<IMG SRC=“file.img”
ALIGN=“MIDDLE”
ALT=“text when image isn’t loaded”>

You can make images into mousable links:
<A HREF=“destination.htm”>
<IMG SRC=“file.img” > </A>
Hypertext Links

Browsers can “jump” within an HTML file

Create an anchor to jump to:
<A Name=“Top of File”> Jump to here </A>

Create a link to that anchor:
<A HREF=“#Top of File”> Jump from here </A>

Can link to anchors in other documents:
<A HREF=“otherfile.htm#anchor”> Jump from here </A>
Links to other HTML Files

same directory:
<A HREF=“filename.HTM”> linked text </A>

sub-directory:
<A HREF=“/subdir/filename.HTM”> linked text </A>

up a level
<A HREF=“../filename.HTM”> linked text </A>

up one and down one
<A HREF=“../dirname/filename.HTM”> linked text </A>
Creating a WWW site at MSU

Your home page URL:
http://pilot.msu.edu/user/yourid/

Instructions for MSU student WWW pages:
http://www.msu.edu/webpub

FTP or copy “index.htm” and any other files in
your site to your AFS directory.

Warning: AFS is Case-Sensitive
» “Index.htm” is not the same file as “index.htm”
» Use all lower case file names to be safe