Transcript IP - High Speed Network

HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
IP over Wireless ATM
1998. 2. 13.
김용진
한국전자통신연구원
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Outline
Background
Mobile IP
IP over ATM
Location Management in WATM
IP over Wireless ATM
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Background
Motivation
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Increase of IP service demands
 # of hosts on the Internet has doubled per year
 # of web servers has doubled every 20 weeks
 From best efforts service to QoS guaranteed real-time multimedia services (-> ATM)
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Information infrastructure based on ATM technology
 Needs for development of new services
 Needs for supporting legacy communication services (-> IP)
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Communication evolution into wired/wireless integrated environment
 Rapid increase of mobile phone service users
 Needs for mobile multimedia services (-> Mobile ATM)
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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IP Mobility Support over ATM
MIP over ATM = MIP + IPOA
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IP over WATM = IPOA + WATM
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Mobility support in IP layer
Connectionless oriented mobility support
Mobility support in ATM layer
Connection oriented mobility support
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Mobile IP
Internet RFCs
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RFC 2002 : IP Mobility Support
RFC 2003 : IP Encapsulation within IP
RFC 2004 : Minimal Encapsulation within IP
RFC 2005 : Applicability Statement for IP Mobility Support
RFC 2006 : The Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Mobility
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Mobility Problems and Solutions
Mobility problems
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A name is a location-independent id
An address reflects a host’s point of attachment to the network
In IP, DNS(Domain Name System) is used for name-to-address
translation
In MIP, the binding is a function of time
-> IP layer needs mobility control
Network layer solution architecture
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Two-tier addressing
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Two internet addresses with each mobile host (Home address, Care-of address)
 - Home address for protocol processing
 - Care-of address for routing
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
MIP Components
Home address
MN
Internet
HA
R
Home network
..2
FA
128. 8. 128
R
CN
Care-of address
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..3
Foreign network
MN
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Mobility Control
MN
FA
HA
Encapsulation
Decapsulation
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Routing Optimization
Location directory
LD
Address translation
agent
S
Home network
Foreign network
f
Cache
Source
g
MH
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
IP vs. ATM
IP
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ATM
Connectionless
Currently No QoS
Destination based routing
Future, scalability Problem
Moderate overhead
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Mobile IP
Variable packet size
Multicast/broad cast
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Connection Oriented
QoS Support
Fast Switching
Scalable
High overhead for IP over
ATM
Wireless ATM
Fixed packet size
Yes but requires VC mesh or
MCS
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
IP over ATM
IPOA Paradigm
Layered Model
LAN Emulation
(ATM Forum)
Multi-protocol
over ATM
(ATM Forum)
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Classical IP
over ATM
(IETF)
Next Hop Resolution
Protocol
(IETF)
Integrated Model
IP & Tag
Switching
(IETF)
I-PNNI
(ATM Forum)
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Characteristics of Layered Model
IP overlays ATM with layer 3 (layered routing)
ARP (IP, ATM) is required
IP routing protocol in IP routers
ATM routing protocols are used
Modifications in ATM control SW are not required
Inefficient multicasting
Standardized Specs.
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Characteristics of Integrated Model
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Integrated routing protocol
ARP (IP, ATM) is not required
ATM routing protocols are not used
Modifications in ATM control SW are required
Efficient multicasting
Standardized Specs. are in progress
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Comparison : Route Selection
IP
IP
ATM
Classic
NHRP
OSPF
OSPF
OSPF
OSPF
OSPF
PNNI
OSPF
PNNI
OSPF
PNNI
OSPF
PNNI
MPLS
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I-PNNI
OSPF
I-PNNI
OSPF
OSPF
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Comparison :Internode
Communication Protocols
Type of
MPLS
communication
Address
resolution
NHRP I-PNNI
Routing
OSPF
OSPF I-PNNI
/PNNI
Signaling
PNNI
TDP,
IFMP,...
NHRP
I-PNNI
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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IP over WATM (I)
IPaddr(= AP) --> (ATMvisiting_addr = AP)
i) IPaddr -- ARP -> ATMhome_addr -- MC(t) -> ATMvisiting_addr
ii) IPaddr ----- ARP*(t) -------> ATMvisiting_addr
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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IP over WATM (II)
IP Over WATM = IPOA + WATM
NHRP
(X) MPLS
Mobility Control
MC(t)
(X) I-PNNI
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cf) MIP over ATM
NHRP
Home agent
MPLS
Foreign agent
I-PNNI
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HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Location Management in WATM
LM enables the network to communicate with MN by
managing the information about the location of the MN
LM = Mobile tracking + Mobile locating
Mobile Tracking
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Mobile Locating
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Network elements updating procedure about the location of
mobile entities
Mobile tracking = Mobile registration + updating
The procedure by which a network node determines the location
of the MT for the delivery of incoming calls
May be executed explicitly prior to call setup or may be an
integral part of the call setup procedure
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Two Approaches for the LM in WATM
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Mobile PNNI scheme
LR scheme
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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Mobile PNNI Scheme
Extension of the PNNI routing protocol to support MN
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No explicit “search” procedure prior to call setup
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Use of the PNNI routing protocol for reachability information
Scope parameter for the restriction of RI update
Connection setup combined with mobile locating
Requires additional routing optimization process
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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PNNI Routing Protocol Overview
Hierarchical peer groups with Peer Group
Leaders(PGLs) and Logical Group Nodes(LGNs)
Exchange of information for topology, load and
reachability by using Protocol Topology State Packet
(PTSP)
Reachability summarized and advertised by PGLs
A
l=1
ATM sw itch
B
Peer group leader
A.1
l=2
B.2
B.1
B.1.5
A.1.4
B.3
B.1.4
B.3.6
A.2.1
B.2.2
A.1.3
l=L
B.2.3
A.1.2
A.2.2
B.1.1
B.1.2
B.2.1
B.3.5
B.3.4
B.1.3
A.1.1
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A.2
B.3.1 B.3.2
B.3.3
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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PNNI Extension
Enhancement of the PNNI routing protocol for the
exchange of reachability information of mobile users
Three new parameters are defined
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Scope S is used to set the stop point for reachability
information propagation
Ancestors-are-sibling level aij of nodes i and j is the level at
which the ancestors of the two nodes i and j belong to the same
peer group
The neighborhood Gi of a node i is defined to include all nodes
j such that aij >= S
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Power on/off
registration
Mobile Tracking
Mobile registers at switch n
Send registration
to home swtich
Yes
Send registration to home switch ;
Send registration to old switch
to set a pointer at the old switch to
forward calls to new location
(if home = old, only one registration
is needed)
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Registration
resulting from a
move from mode
o to new node n
New location outside
the neighborhood
of the old location ?
ano < S
No
Send registration to old
switch to set a pointer at
to the old switch to forward
calls to new location
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Connection Setup/Mobile Locating
Calling party
is within the
called mobile’s
neighborhood
acv >= S
Calls arrives at the origination switch
Call arrival was
after reachability
update is complete
No
Yes
Yes
Call is routed directly
to the mobile
Call is routed to the old
location and then
to the current location
of the mobile
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Calling party is outside the
called mobile’s neighborhood
acv < S
Called mobile
is in its home
No
neighborhood ?
ahv >= S
Call arrival was
Call arrival was
after reachability
update is complete
Yes
Yes
after home switch
receives registration
following a move
or the home is the
old location
No
No
Call is routed to the home
switch and then
to the current location
of the mobile
Call is routed to the home
switch, then to the old location
and finally to the current
location of the mobile
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
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LR Scheme
Application of cellular LR scheme to PNNI-based
hierarchical ATM networks
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Hierarchical LR DBs
Scope parameter for the restriction of LR provisioning level
Isolate effect for mobility from PNNI routing protocol
Explicit “search” procedure prior to call setup
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
LR Architecture
A.L
l=S=2
A.1.L
l=L
A.2.L
B.1.L
B.1.5
A.1.4
B.L
B.2.L
B.3.L
B.1.4
B.3.6
A.2.1
B.3.5
B.2.2
A.1.3
B.2.3
B.3.4
B.1.3
A.1.1
A.1.2
A.2.2
BS
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B.1.2
B.2.1
BS
A.1.2.5
A.1.1.4
B.1.1
A.2.2.5
B.3.1 B.3.2
B.2.2.5
B.3.3
ATM switch
Location
Register
A.1.2.3
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Mobile Tracking in the LR Scheme
Mobile registers at switch
Power on/off
registration
at switch n
Yes
Updates are propagated
from Lth level LR to
Sth level LR ; Home LR
is informed about the
current Sth level LR.
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Updated are propagated
from Lth level LR to
aonth level LR at the new
neighborhood ; Cancellations
are propagated from
Lth level LR to
aon + lth level LR at
the old neighborhood.
Registration
resulting from a
move from node
o to new node n
aon >= S
No
Updates are propagated
from Lth level LR to
Sth level LR at the new
neighborhood ; Home LR is
informed about the new Sth
level LR ; Cancellations are
propagated from Lth level
LR to Sth level LR at
the old neighborhood.
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Mobile Locating in the LR Scheme
l=I
l=S
LOCREQ
LOCREQ
LOCREQ
LOCREQ
LOCREQ
LOCREQ
l=L
LOCREQ
Calling
party’s
switch(c)
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LOCREQ
Response
Home switch
of the called mobile(h)
Called mobile’s
current switch(v)
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Comparison
Mobile PNNI
LR
Address space partition
Not required
Required
Resource allocation
for call setup
Not optimized
Optimized
Item
Performance
Modification of ATM
signaling and routing
Application to
public network
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Superior in low CMR
Superior in high CMR
Required
Not required
Applicable
Not applicable
HSN ‘98
‘98.2.12 ~ 14, 전주
Performance & Cost Issues
LM cost = Mobile tracking cost + Mobile location cost
 Mobile tracking (locating) cost
= Computational cost (DB access)
+ Communication cost (signaling & routing)
 For performance analysis, exact models of network and mobile
node are required
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