Transcript Introduction to the Internet

Introduction to the Internet
Chapter One
Evolution of the Internet
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1968; U.S. Dept. of Defense;
1980’s ARPANET – Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network
1990’s went public
World Wide Web
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HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
Standard language of the Internet
Not a network itself but a set of
software programs
Electronic library
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Each website like a book
Each website has pages; web pages
Transfer Protocols
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HTTP – protocol used to transfer web
pages to web servers
FTP – used to transfer files between
comp., allows file transfer without
corruption.
SMTP – method of sending e-mail
POP – Receives e-mail from an
incoming mail server
Domain Names (DNS)
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Translates IP addresses into easily
recognizable names
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Example : www.ciwcertified.com
63.72.51.85
Also called the Dotted Quad because they are
divided into 4 sections.
DNS
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Read the name from right to left
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Example : www.ciwcertified.com
63.72.51.85
SERVER
(HOST) NAME
REG.COMP. NAME
DOMAIN
CATEGORY
Top-level
domain
DNS – Top Level Domains
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Com – commercial or company sites
Edu – educational institutions
Gov – U.S. civilian government
Mil – U.S. military
Org – clubs, organizations, associations
Net – network sites
Country Codes & Others
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Us
Mx
Ca
Au - Australia
Fr
Ch
Uk
Virtual Domain Names
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Provides your company with a private
Web address, regardless of where the
Web site is hosted.
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Example: yourcompany.com
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Can be located even if you type www.
Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)
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Specifies not only the location but also
the protocol
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http://www.google.com
https://www.paypal.com
ICANN - icann.org
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers
To reach another person on the Internet you have to
type an address into your computer -- a name or a
number. That address must be unique so computers
know where to find each other.
ICANN coordinates these unique identifiers across the
world. Without that coordination, we wouldn't have
one global Internet.
THE BROWSER
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Short for Web browser, a software
application used to locate and display
Web pages.
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Internet Explorer
Firefox
Safari
SEARCH ENGINE
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A Web site with access to a database of Web
sites that a user can search by entering key
words.
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Google, Dogpile, AskJeeves, Yahoo
DOWNLOADING
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The process of transferring files from one
computer to another, usually from a Web
server to a browser’s computer.
Time of download depends on:
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The size of the Web page (including text,
graphics, etc.)
The speed of the user’s Internet connection
The speed of the Web server and its connection
The amount of Internet traffic competing for use
of the Internet
As a Web page designer, you have no
control over the user’s connection. You
usually cannot change the server’s
speed or how much Internet traffic
there is.
This leaves the size of your page as
the only thing you can really control to
affect speed.