Transcript IPv6 Introduction: Network and Applications

Introduction to IPv6
Network & Application
Passakon Prathombutr
Next Generation Internet (NGI)
National Electronics and Computer Technology Center
IPv6: Why? & How?
USER
CARRIER
ISP
DEVELOPER
RESEARCHER
Why? How?
Why? How?
Why?
2/19
How?
Needs for IPv6
•
•
•
•
Unlike Y2K
IPv4-1970, IPv6-1990
Exhaustion of IP (v4) addresses
Why not IPv5?
– “5” becomes stream protocol, ST, assigned in
version field of header.
• Enhance features
3/19
Technological Imperatives for
Adoption
• Need Killer Application?
• Network Address Translation (NAT)
– Not for IPSec, QoS, VoIP, Peer-to-Peer
• Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR)
4/19
What is IPv6?
• Internet Protocol Version 6 designed by
IETF to replace current IP (IPv4)
• More address spaces (128-bits)
• New header design and features
5/19
Header comparison
15 16
0
vers
hlen
TOS
identification
20
bytes
TTL
31
flags
protocol
Removed (6)
total length
• ID, flags, flag offset
• TOS, hlen
• header checksum
flag-offset
header checksum
source address
destination address
Changed (3)
options and padding
• total length => payload
• protocol => next header
• TTL => hop limit
IPv4
vers
traffic class
payload length
40
bytes
flow-label
next header
Added (2)
hop limit
source address
• traffic class
• flow label
Expanded
destination address
• address 32 to 128 bits
IPv6
6/19
Major Improvement of
IPv6 Header
• No Option field. Replaced by extension
header. Result in a fixed length, 40byte IP header.
• No header checksum. Result in fast
processing.
• No fragmentation at intermediate nodes.
Result in fast IP forwarding.
7/19
128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234
8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”
Leading zeros can be removed
3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234
:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers
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Prefix Allocation
Type
Global (+anycast)
Link-local
Site-local
Multicast
Prefix (binary bits)
001
1111 1110 10
1111 1110 11
1111 1111
Range
2xxx to 3xxx
FE8x to FEBx
FECx to FEFx
FFxx
Link-local: Unreachable from other sites, equivalent to IPv4 private addr.
Site-local: Used to communicate with neighbor node on the same link.
Global Allocation:
2001::/16
Sub-TLA Assignment (by APNIC, ARIN, RIPE)
2002::/16
6to4 (simply generated from 1 public IPv4 address)
3FFE::/16
6bone (e.g., NECTEC got 3FFE:4016::/32)
9/19
Example on Windows XP
C:\> ipv6 if
From router
Interface 4: Ethernet: Local Area Connection
{0220B018-5B2D-43A4-B44F-D2641F448EB0}
uses Neighbor Discovery
uses Router Discovery
link-layer address: 00-0e-a6-5b-15-87
preferred global 3ffe:4016:e000:1:7408:b672:b459:8f6b, life
6d20h36m49s/20h3 4m2s (anonymous)
preferred global 3ffe:4016:e000:1:20e:a6ff:fe5b:1587, life
29d23h53m56s/6d23 h53m56s (public)
preferred link-local fe80::20e:a6ff:fe5b:1587, life infinite
multicast interface-local ff01::1, 1 refs, not reportable
multicast link-local ff02::1, 1 refs, not reportable
multicast link-local ff02::1:ff5b:1587, 2 refs, last reporter
multicast link-local ff02::1:ff59:8f6b, 1 refs, last reporter
link MTU 1500 (true link MTU 1500)
current hop limit 64
reachable time 15000ms (base 30000ms)
retransmission interval 1000ms
DAD transmits 1
Random
EUI-64 MAC
10/19
Benefits of IPv6
• Improve efficiency in routing and packet
handling
– Large addressing space and network prefixes –
short and scalable routing table
– Header format is simpler than that of the IPv4
header – good for 64-bit processors
• Support Plug and Play address autoconfiguration/ renumbering
– Good for mobile IP wireless devices, and
home appliances.
– Easier to transit from one provider to
another.
11/19
Benefits of IPv6 (cont.)
• Support for embedded IPSec
– Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH)
are parts of extension headers
• Improve support for multicast – No more
broadcast addresses
• Eliminate the need for NAT
• Support for widely deployed routing
protocols e.g., OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, RIPng and
BGP4+
12/19
Techniques for Transition
• Dual stack
• Between IPv6 islands via IPv4 cloud
– IPv6-over-4 configured tunnel, 6to4,
6over4, ISATAP, Tunnel broker (freenet6,
Hurricane Electric, TILAB)
• Between IPv6 and IPv4
– DSTM(Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism),
NAT-PT(Network Address TranslationProtocol Translation), SIIT (Stateless IPv6IPv4 Translator), BIS(Bump-In-the-Stack),
BIA(Bump-In-the-API), TCP-UDP relay
13/19
6to4 Tunneling
IPv4 202.57.124.186
IPv6 2002:CA39:7CBA::1/128
IPv4 192.150.240.24
IPv6 2002:C096:F018::1/128
2002:C096:F018::2/128
Tunnel
2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128
6to4
router
IPv4
Network
6to4 network
IPv6 packet
Src. 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128
Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128
IPv4 packet
Src. 202.57.124.186
Dest. 192.150.240.24
IPv6 packet
Src. 2002:CA39:7CBA::2/128
Dest. 2002:C096:F018::2/128
14/19
6to4
router
6to4 network
เครือข่าย IPv6
• 6NET (www.6net.org)
– A project to demonstrate how IPv6 technology can
enable the continued growth of the internet.
• 6LINK (www.6link.org)
– A project that aims to foster an improved
understanding of IPv6 development and
deployment.
• 6BONE (www.6bone.net)
– An IPv6 Testbed of the IETF IPng project
• 6NGIX and 6KANet
– IPv6 Network Internet exchange
– IPv6 Korea Advanced Network
15/19
IPv6 sites
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http://www.freenet6.net/
• Freenet6 server delivers IPv6 connectivity for end stations using IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels. Computers
connected to Internet can use this free service to get connected on the 6Bone.
http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html
• IP Next Generation (IPng) Working Group Home Page
http://www.6bone.net
• 6bone Home Page
http://www.euro6ix.net/
• European IPv6 exchange backbone. Jan02-05
http://www.6ren.net
• 6ren Home Page
http://ipng.ip6.fc.ul.pt
• University of Lisbon Science Faculty IPv6 testbed (in Portuguese)
http://www.stardust.com/ipv6/index.htm
• Technology channel on Startdust.com for IPv6
http://www.ipv6.ru/
• Russian National IPv6 Forum
http://www.eurescom.de/public/projects/P700-series/P702/html/brochure.htm
• European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications
http://www.ipv6forum.com
• A world-wide consortium of leading Internet vendors, Research & Education Networks.
http://hs247.com/
• IPv6 News & Links
16/19
Current Products/Applications
• *BSD, Linux, MS Windows 2000, XP, 9X,
NT, Solaris, MAC OS X, Open-VMS,
True64 Unix, HP-UX
• Cisco, Juniper, Nortel, Fujitsu, Hitachi,
GNU zebra, etc.
• WWW, DNS, Mail, FTP, Telnet, News,
Firewall, etc.
http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-implementations.html
http://www.deepspace6.net/docs/
17/19
www.ist-ipv6.org
18/19
Thank you
19/19