Transcript Document

• ISDN
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Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN elements
1
That means an ISDN line can take
care of most people's complete
communications needs (apart from
broadband Internet access and
entertainment television) at a much
higher transmission rate, without
forcing the purchase of multiple
analog phone lines
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Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN and broadcast industry
1
It's also common to use ISDN for the return
audio links to remote satellite broadcast
vehicles.
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Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN and broadcast industry
1
In many , such as the UK and Australia, ISDN has
displaced the older technology of equalised
analogue landlines, with these circuits being
phased out by telecommunications providers. IP
based streaming codecs are starting to gain a
foothold in the broadcast sector, using broadband
internet to connect remote studios. However
reliability and latency is crucially important for
broadcasters and the quality of service offered by
ISDN has not yet been matched by packet
switched alternatives.
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Bluetooth profile - Common ISDN Access Profile (CIP)
This provides unrestricted access to the
services, data and signalling that ISDN offers.
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ISDN User Part
1
The ISDN User Part or ISUP is part of the
Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) which is
used to set up telephone calls in the public
switched telephone network (PSTN). It is
specified by the ITU-T as part of the Q.76x
series.
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ISDN User Part
1
When a telephone call is set up from
one subscriber to another, several
telephone exchanges could be
involved, possibly across
international boundaries. To allow a
call to be set up correctly, where ISUP
is supported, a switch will signal callrelated information like called party
number to the next switch in the
network using ISUP messages.
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ISDN User Part
The telephone exchanges may be
connected via E1 or T1 trunks which
transport the speech from the calls
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ISDN User Part
1
In addition to call related information,
ISUP is also used to exchange status
information for, and permit
management of, the available circuits.
In the case of no outbound circuit
being available on a particular
exchange, a release message is sent
back to the preceding switches in the
chain.
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ISDN User Part - ISUP variants
1
Different ISUP variants exist
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ISDN User Part - ISUP variants
1
While these variations of ISUP differ in
subtle ways, the vast majority of ISUP
message type, parameter type, and
parameter field code-points, and
related fundamental call processing
procedures, agree across all variants.
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ISDN User Part - ITU-T specification versions
1
1992 – ISUP'92 White Book (segmentation,
compatibility, new supplementary services)
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ISDN User Part - ITU-T specification versions
1
1997 – ISUP'97 (new procedures,
IN CS1, new supplementary
services)
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ISDN User Part - ITU-T specification versions
1
According to ITU-T Q.761 section 2.4.1
ISUP interworking ISUP'92 is
backwards compatible with ISUP Blue
Book and Q.767 for basic call
procedures and supplementary
services except for some procedures
(e.g. number portability). Additionally
the compatibility features introduced in
this version ensure forward
compatibility with newer versions.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
1
An ISUP message contains a fixed header
containing the circuit identification code
and the ISUP message type, followed by a
mandatory fixed-length parameter part, a
mandatory variable-length parameter part,
and an optional parameter part that are
dependent on the type of message being
sent
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ISDN User Part - Message types
Initial address message (IAM) — First
message sent to inform the partner switch
that a call has to be established on the
CIC contained in the message. Contains
the called number, type of service (speech
or data) and optional parameters.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
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Subsequent address message (SAM) —
For networks that support overlap dialing
procedures, and then in the case that the
IAM did not contain the full called number,
one or more SAMs follow containing
additional digits. This message is not
supported by networks that only support
en bloc dialing procedures.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
Address complete message (ACM) —
Message returned from the terminating
switch when the subscriber is reached and
the phone starts ringing, or when the call
traverses an interworking point and the
intermediate trunk is seized.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
Call progress (CPG) — Contains
additional information about the progress
of a call. Normally sent after the ACM
when the status of the call changes from
that reported in the ACM.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
1
Answer message (ANM) — Sent when the
subscriber picks up the phone, a resource
is connected or answer supervision is
returned by an interworking point.
Normally charging starts at this moment. It
is required that the call be cut through in
both directions by this point.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
1
Connect (CON) — Sent when the call is
answered by an automatic terminal. This
message replaces the ACM, CPG and
ANM for calls that are answered by
automatic terminals.
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ISDN User Part - Message types
1
Release (REL) — Sent to clear the call
when a subscriber goes on hook. This
is also sent (in direct response to an
IAM) if the terminating switch
determines that the call cannot be
completed. In either case, the
terminating switch provides a cause
value in the message to explain the
reason for the release, e.g., "User
busy".
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ISDN User Part - Message types
Release complete (RLC) —
Acknowledgment of the release – the
circuit is idle afterward and can be used
again.
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ISDN User Part - Sample call flow
1
This is a very basic call flow involving only
two telecom switches which exchange the
ISUP messages. The subscriber interfaces
are not covered here and are only listed
for a better understanding.
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ISDN User Part - Sample call flow
A subscriber telco
switch A telco switch
B B subscriber
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ISDN User Part - Sample call flow
1
Detailed call flows are
provided in ITU-T
Recommendation
Q.784.1.
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ISDN User Part - Release codes
1
Release codes are used to identify and
debug any events occurring in ISDN
User Part signaling. Every event in
ISUP signaling generates a release
code number. Even for a normal ISUP
call, a release code is generated.
There are lot of applications
developed based on the release code
from ISUP signaling. Similarly
Telecom operators trace for Release
codes to debug any call failures.
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ISDN User Part - Release codes
1
Following are the list of releases codes
used. Release codes only defined by
number are effectively undefined, and
may be used for proprietary solutions.
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ISDN User Part - Message format
1
Routing Label
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ISDN User Part - Message format
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The Signalling Information Field (SIF) for
all ISUP Message Signal Units (MSU)
contain the following components:
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ISDN User Part - Message format
1
The Routing Label indicates the Point
Codes of the originating and
destination nodes in the network; it
also includes the Signalling Link
Selection field that is used to select
between the multiple routes an MSU
could take between two nodes.
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ISDN User Part - Message format
1
The Circuit Identification Code is used to
specify which trunk between two switches
is used to carry a particular call. Note that
some versions of ANSI ISUP permit a CIC
with 14 significant bits instead of the 12
that are shown.
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ISDN User Part - Message format
1
The Message Type indicates the ISUP
message type. The presence and form of
the remaining 3 components are
determined by this message type.
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ISDN User Part - Message format
1
The Optional part, when present,
contains the optional parameters
permitted to be included in the
message type.
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ISDN User Part - Message format
When sent using the services of the
Signalling Connection Control Part, ISUP
messages passed to SCCP in the User
Data parameter (NSDU) consist of only
the last 4 components (Message Type,
Mandatory fixed part, Mandatory variable
part, Optional part). The routing label and
circuit identification code are not included
in the user data passed to SCCP.
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ISDN User Part - Bibliography
Russell, Travis (2002), Signaling
System #7 (4th ed.), New York:
McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-138772-9.
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ISDN User Part - Bibliography
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ITU-T (12 1999a), "Section 1, General coding
principles", Recommendation Q.763.
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Internet access - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
1
Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN), a switched telephone service
capable of transporting voice and
digital data, is one of the oldest
Internet access methods. ISDN has
been used for voice, video
conferencing, and broadband data
applications. ISDN was very popular
in Europe, but less common in North
America. Its use peaked in the late
1990s before the availability of DSL
and cable modem technologies.
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Internet access - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
An ISDN E1 (European standard) line has 30
bearer channels and a combined data rate of 1.9
Mbit/s.
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Broadband Internet access - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
1
An ISDN E1 (European standard) line has 30
bearer channels and a combined data rate of
1.9Mbit/s.
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ISDN
There are several kinds of access
interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate
Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface
(PRI), Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and
Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).
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ISDN
1
Channel bonding can achieve a greater
data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of
three or four BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s
channels) are bonded.
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ISDN
1
ISDN should not be mistaken for its use
with a specific protocol, such as Q.931
whereby ISDN is employed as the
network, data-link and physical layers
in the context of the OSI model. In a
broad sense ISDN can be considered a
suite of digital services existing on
layers 1, 2, and 3 of the OSI model.
ISDN is designed to provide access to
voice and data services simultaneously.
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ISDN
1
However, common use reduced ISDN to
be limited to Q.931 and related protocols,
which are a set of protocol
(computing)|protocols for Signalling
(telecommunications)|establishing and
breaking circuit switched connections, and
for advanced calling features for the user.
They were introduced in 1986.
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ISDN
In a videoconference, ISDN provides
simultaneous voice, video, and text
transmission between individual desktop
videoconferencing systems and group
(room) videoconferencing systems.
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ISDN - ISDN elements
1
That means an ISDN line can take
care of most people's complete
communications needs (apart from
broadband Internet access and
entertainment television) at a much
higher transmission rate, without
forcing the purchase of multiple
analog phone lines
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ISDN - Basic Rate Interface
1
* The U interface is a two-wire interface
between the exchange and a network
terminating unit, which is usually the
demarcation point in non-North American
networks.
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ISDN - Basic Rate Interface
1
* The T interface is a serial interface
between a computing device and a
terminal adapter, which is the digital
equivalent of a modem.
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ISDN - Basic Rate Interface
* The S interface is a four-wire bus
that ISDN consumer devices plug into;
the S T reference points are
commonly implemented as a single
interface labeled 'S/T' on an Network
termination 1 (NT1).
1
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ISDN - Basic Rate Interface
* The R interface defines the point
between a non-ISDN device and a
terminal adapter (TA) which provides
translation to and from such a device.
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ISDN - Basic Rate Interface
1
BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is
much less common in North America. It is
also common in Japan — where it is
known as INS64.
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ISDN - Primary Rate Interface
In North America PRI service is
delivered on one or more T-carrier|T1
carriers (often referred to as 23B+D) of
1544 kbit/s (24 channels)
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ISDN - Primary Rate Interface
PRI-ISDN is popular throughout the
world, especially for connecting Private
branch exchange|PBXs to PSTN.
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ISDN - Primary Rate Interface
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While the North American PSTN can use
PRI or Analog T1 format from PBX to PBX,
the Plain old telephone service|POTS or
BRI can be delivered to a business or
residence. North American PSTN can
connect from PBX to PBX via Analog T1,
T3, PRI, OC3, etc...
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ISDN - Primary Rate Interface
1
Even though many network professionals
use the term ISDN to refer to the lowerbandwidth BRI circuit, in North America
BRI is relatively uncommon whilst PRI
circuits serving PBXs are commonplace.
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ISDN - Bearer channels
1
The bearer channel (B) is a standard 64
kbit/s voice channel of 8 bits sampled at
8kHz with G.711 encoding. B-Channels
can also be used to carry data, since they
are nothing more than digital channels.
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ISDN - Bearer channels
Most B channels can carry a 64 kbit/s
signal, but some were limited to 56K
because they traveled over Robbed-bit
signaling|RBS lines. This was
commonplace in the 20th century, but has
since become less so.
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ISDN - Signaling channel
1
The signaling channel (D) uses Q.931 for
Signaling (telecommunications)|signaling
with the other side of the link.
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ISDN - X.25
X.25 can be carried over the B or D
channels of a BRI line, and over the B
channels of a PRI line. X.25 over the D
channel is used at many point-of-sale
(credit card) terminals because it
eliminates the modem setup, and because
it connects to the central system over a B
channel, thereby eliminating the need for
modems and making much better use of
the central system's telephone lines.
1
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ISDN - X.25
1
X.25 was also part of an ISDN protocol
called Always On/Dynamic ISDN, or
AO/DI. This allowed a user to have a
constant multi-link PPP connection to
the internet over X.25 on the D
channel, and brought up one or two B
channels as needed.
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ISDN - Frame Relay
1
In theory, Frame Relay can operate over
the D channel of BRIs and PRIs, but it is
seldom, if ever, used.
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ISDN - Consumer and industry perspectives
By 2010, ADSL speeds of several
millions of bits per second had become
commonplace, thus making ISDN
obsolete before it fairly started.
1
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ISDN - Consumer and industry perspectives
1
ISDN is much better because messages
can be sent much more quickly than by
trying to encoder|encode numbers as
long (100 Millisecond|ms per digit) tone
sequences
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ISDN - Consumer and industry perspectives
1
ISDN is also used as a smart-network
technology intended to add new
services to the public switched
telephone network (PSTN) by giving
users direct access to end-to-end
circuit-switched digital services and as
a backup or failsafe circuit solution for
critical use data circuits.
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ISDN - ISDN and broadcast industry
1
It's also common to use ISDN for the return audio
links to remote satellite broadcast vehicles.
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ISDN - ISDN and broadcast industry
In many countries, such as the UK and
Australia, ISDN has displaced the older
technology of equalised analogue landlines,
with these circuits being phased out by
telecommunications providers. IP based
streaming codecs are starting to gain a
foothold in the broadcast sector, using
broadband internet to connect remote
studios. However reliability and latency is
crucially important for broadcasters and the
quality of service offered by ISDN has not yet
been matched by packet switched
alternatives.
1
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ISDN - United States and Canada
ISDN-BRI never gained popularity as a
general use telephone access technology in
Canada and the US, and remains a Niche
market|niche product. The service was seen
as a solution in search of a problem,. and the
extensive array of options and features were
difficult for customers to understand and use.
ISDN has long been known by derogatory
backronyms highlighting these issues, such
as 'I't 'S'till 'D'oes 'N'othing, 'I'nnovations
'S'ubscribers 'D'on't 'N'eed, and 'I' 'S'till 'D'on't
k'N'ow.
1
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ISDN - United States and Canada
1
However, ATT in most states (especially
the former SBC/SWB territory) will still
install an ISDN BRI line anywhere a
normal analog line can be placed and
the monthly charge is roughly $55.
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ISDN - United States and Canada
ISDN-BRI is currently primarily used in
industries with specialized and very specific
needs
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ISDN - United States and Canada
The ISDN protocol delivers
channelized, not-over-the-Internet
service, powerful call setup and
routing features, faster setup and tear
down, superior audio fidelity as
compared to Plain old telephone
service|POTS (plain old telephone
service), lower delay and, at higher
densities, lower cost.
1
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ISDN - United States and Canada
1
In 2013, Verizon announced it would no
longer take orders for ISDN service in
the Northeastern United States.
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ISDN - India
ISDN continues to be an important
backup network for point-to-point
leased line customers such as banks,
Eseva Centers,
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ISDN - Japan
On April 19, 1988, Japanese
telecommunications company Nippon
Telegraph and Telephone|NTT began
offering nationwide ISDN services
trademarked INS Net 64, and INS Net
1500, a fruition of NTT's independent
research and trial from the 1970s of what it
referred to the INS (Information Network
System).
1
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ISDN - Japan
1
Previously, on April 1985, Japanese
digital telephone exchange hardware
made by Fujitsu was used to
experimentally deploy the world's
first I interface ISDN. The I interface,
unlike the older and incompatible Y
interface, is what modern ISDN
services use today.
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ISDN - Japan
1
Since 2000, NTT's ISDN offering have
been known as FLET's ISDN,
incorporating the FLET's brand that NTT
uses for all of its ISP offerings.
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ISDN - Japan
1
In Japan, the number of ISDN subscribers
dwindled as alternative technologies such
as ADSL, cable Internet access, and fiber
to the home gained greater popularity. On
November 2, 2010, NTT announced plans
to migrate their backend from PSTN to the
IP network from around 2020 to around
2025. For this migration, ISDN services
will be retired, and fiber optic services are
recommended as an alternative.
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ISDN - United Kingdom
1
Until April 2006, they also offered services
named BT Highway|Home Highway and
Business Highway, which were BRI ISDNbased services that offered integrated
analogue connectivity as well as ISDN
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ISDN - France
France Telecom offers ISDN services
under their product name Numeris (2
B+D), of which a professional Duo and
home Itoo version is available. ISDN is
generally known as RNIS in France and
has widespread availability. The
introduction of ADSL is reducing ISDN
use for data transfer and Internet access,
although it is still common in more rural
and outlying areas, and for applications
such as Private branch
exchange|business voice and Point of
sale|point-of-sale terminals.
1
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ISDN - Germany
1
Because of the widespread availability of
ADSL services, ISDN is today primarily
used for voice and fax traffic, but is still
very popular thanks to the pricing policy of
German telecommunication providers.
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ISDN - Germany
Because of the popularity of ISDN,
virtually all these telecommunication
providers bundle their products with
residential gateways that include both
integrated analog telephony adapters and
ISDN-NGN adapters.
1
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ISDN - Greece
OTE, the incumbent
telecommunications operator, offers
ISDN BRI (BRA) services in Greece.
Following the launch of ADSL in 2003,
the importance of ISDN for data
transfer began to decrease and is
today limited to niche business
applications with point-to-point
requirements.
1
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ISDN - International deployment
1
A study. of the German Department of
Science shows the following spread of
ISDN-channels per 1000 inhabitants in
the year 2005:
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ISDN - Configurations
1
In ISDN, there are two types of channels,
B (for bearer) and D (for data). B channels
are used for data (which may include
voice), and D channels are intended for
signaling and control (but can also be
used for data).
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ISDN - Configurations
1
'Broadband Integrated Services Digital
Network' (BISDN) is another ISDN
implementation and it is able to manage
different types of services at the same
time
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ISDN - Configurations
1
Another alternative ISDN configuration can
be used in which the B channels of an
ISDN BRI line are Channel
bonding|bonded to provide a total duplex
bandwidth of 128 kbit/s. This precludes
use of the line for voice calls while the
internet connection is in use. The B
channels of several BRIs can be bonded,
a typical use is a 384K videoconferencing
channel.
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ISDN - Configurations
1
Using B8ZS|bipolar with eight-zero
substitution encoding technique, call
data is transmitted over the data (B)
channels, with the signaling (D)
channels used for call setup and
management
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ISDN - Configurations
1
The D channel can also be used for
sending and receiving X.25 data
packets, and connection to X.25
packet network, this is specified in
X.31. In practice, X.31 was only
commercially implemented in UK,
France and Japan.
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ISDN - Reference points
1
A set of reference points are defined in the
ISDN International standard|standard to
refer to certain points between the
Telephone company|telco and the end
user ISDN]equipment.
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ISDN - Reference points
*R interface|R – defines the point
between a non-ISDN device and a
terminal adapter (TA) which provides
translation to and from such a device
1
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ISDN - Reference points
*S interface|S – defines the point
between the ISDN equipment (or TA)
and a Network Termination Type 2
(Network termination 2|NT-2) device
1
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ISDN - Reference points
Most NT-1 devices can perform the
functions of the NT-2 as well, and so the S
and T reference points are generally
collapsed into the S/T reference point.
1
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ISDN - Reference points
1
Inside North America, the NT-1 device is
considered customer premises equipment
(CPE) and must be maintained by the
customer, thus, the U interface is provided
to the customer. In other locations, the NT1 device is maintained by the telco, and
the S/T interface is provided to the
customer. In India, service providers
provide U interface and an NT1 may be
supplied by Service provider as part of
service offering.
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ISDN - Types of communications
1
However, ISDN is typically more reliable
than POTS, and has a significantly faster
call setup time compared with POTS, and
IP connections over ISDN typically have
some 30–35ms round trip time, as
opposed to 120–180ms (both measured
with otherwise unused lines) over 56k or
V.34/V.92 modems, making ISDN more
reliable and more efficient for
telecommuters.
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ISDN - Types of communications
1
Where an analog connection requires
a modem, an ISDN connection
requires a terminal adapter (TA). The
function of an ISDN terminal adapter
is often delivered in the form of a PC
card with an S/T interface, and singlechip solutions seem to exist,
considering the plethora of combined
ISDN- and ADSL-Router
(computing)|routers.
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ISDN - Types of communications
1
Almost all live sports broadcasts on
radio are backhauled to their main
studios via ISDN connections.
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ISDN - Sample call
1
The following is an example of a Primary
Rate (PRI) ISDN call showing the
Q.921/Link Access Procedures, D
channel|LAPD and the Q.931/Network
message intermixed (i.e. exactly what was
exchanged on the D-channel). The call is
originating from the switch where the trace
was taken and goes out to some other
switch, possibly an end-office 'Local
exchange carrier|LEC', who terminates the
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ISDN - Sample call
1
All ISDN messages are tagged with an
ID number relative to the switch that
started the call (local/remote)
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ISDN - Sample call
1
The 'RR' messages at the beginning
prior to the call are the keep alive
messages. 'SETUP' message indicate
the start of the call. Each message is
acknowledged by the other side with a
'RR'.
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ISDN - Sample call
1
Bearer Capability :
CCITT, Speech, Circuit
mode, 64 kbit/s
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ISDN - Sample call
1
Calling Party Number : 8018023000
National number User-provided, not
screened Presentation allowed
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ISDN - Sample call
1
0000 00 01 a4 b8 08 02 00 3e 05 04 03
80 90 a2 18 03 ......./pre/small!-international --!-- US --!-- other --!-- ? --!-obsolete --!-- Why is THIS HERE? Where
is the CITATION?--Reflist | group = loweralpha
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ISDN digital subscriber line
1
The benefits of IDSL over ISDN are that
IDSL provides always-on connections and
transmits data via a data network rather
than the carrier's voice network.
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ISDN digital subscriber line
1
IDSL is not available in
all countries.
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ISDN digital subscriber line
1
ISDN digital subscriber line (IDSL) is a
cross between ISDN and xDSL. It is like
ISDN in that it uses a single-wire pair to
transmit full-duplex data at 128 kbit/s
and at distances of up to RRD range. Like
ISDN, IDSL uses a 2B1Q line code to
enable transparent operation through the
ISDN U interface. Finally, the user
continues to use existing Customerpremises equipment|CPE (ISDN BRI
terminal adapters, bridges, and routers)
to make the CO connections.
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ISDN digital subscriber line
1
The big difference is from the carrier's
point-of-view. Unlike ISDN, IDSL does
not connect through the voice switch. A
new piece of data communications
equipment terminates the IDSL
connection and shunts it off to a router
or data switch. This is a key feature
because the overloading of central
office voice switches by data users is a
growing problem for telcos.
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ISDN digital subscriber line
1
The limitation of IDSL is that the customer
no longer has access to ISDN signaling or
voice services. But for Internet service
providers, who do not provide a public
voice service, IDSL is an interesting way of
using Plain old telephone service|POTS
dial service to offer higher-speed Internet
access, targeting the embedded base of
more than five million ISDN users as an
initial market.
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN
1
'Cisco 'LAN2LAN Personal Office for
ISDN, created by Cisco Systems, was
an entry level ISDN Remote Access
Service|remote access solution
intended to be used by remote
teleworkers, small remote sites, and
schools. Dial on demand was heavily
featured, as the product was from an
era where time online and data
transfers were cost prohibitive.
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN
1
The solution consisted of an ISDN adapter
card with one ISDN Basic Rate Interface
(BRI) port that plugged into a PC chassis.
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN
1
These access cards were developed in
conjunction with
List_of_acquisitions_by_Cisco_System
s|Newport Systems Inc and ITK GmbH,
Germany, and sold under the Cisco
banner. The LAN2LAN Personal Office
for ISDN tied a PC to a central site.
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN
They featured dial-on-demand
support and was able to connect to
remote Cisco ISDN routers. The cards
were only able to transmit data over a
single ISDN B channel (i.e. 64 kbit/s).
1
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN
An ODI driver was included that
allowed TCP/IP and IPX connections.
An automated install setup program
was included.
1
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN
*Challenge-Handshake Authentication
Protocol|Challenge Handshake Authentication
Protocol (CHAP)
1
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN - LAN2LAN Enterprise
1
A enterprise endpoint was also available.
This was essentially a software router that
could be run from a communications
server.
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Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for ISDN - Launch Pricing
1
'Cisco LAN2LAN Personal Office for
ISDN' - US$675
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MSISDN
This abbreviation has several
interpretations, the most common one
being Mobile Station International
Subscriber Directory Number.The
conclusion (most common) is drawn
from the recent documentation from
3GPP and Open Mobile
Alliance|OMA, please see the
MSISDN#Abbreviation|Abbreviation
section above
1
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MSISDN
1
different MSISDNs can be
associated with the
Subscriber Identity
Module|SIM.
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MSISDN
1
The MSISDN follows the numbering plan
defined in the ITU-T recommendation E.164.
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
1
primary-ni2 National
ISDN-2 Switch type for
the U.S.
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
1
primary-4ess Lucent 4ESS
switch type for the U.S.
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
1
primary-5ess Lucent
5ESS switch type for
the U.S.
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
primary-dms100 Northern
Telecom DMS-100 switch type for
the U.S.
1
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
primary-dpnss
DPNSS switch type
for Europe
1
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
1
primary-net5 NET5
switch type for UK,
Europe, Asia and
Australia
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
primary-ni
National
ISDN-1 Switch type for the
U.S.
1
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
1
primary-ts014 TS014
switch type for Australia
(obsolete)
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Primary Rate Interface - ISDN PRI variants (switch types)
^^(The above is a bastardized list,
mostly taken from a cisco router, the
primary- is mainly found on their
equipment and is not truly part of the
protocol name. The ni2, while being a
true protocol option, is not found
amongst the configuration options on
the cisco, primary-ni is the setting on
the cisco which supports the NI2
protocol. dms100 is in actuality NI1)
1
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Common ISDN Application Programming Interface
The 'Common ISDN Application
Programming Interface' (short 'CAPI')
is an Integrated Services Digital
Network|ISDN-conform standardized
software Interface (computer
science)|interface. With the help of
the CAPI-Interface computer software
intended for the use with ISDN can be
provided, without knowledge of the
deployed, proprietary ISDN card.
1
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Common ISDN Application Programming Interface
CAPI was designed from 1989 by
Germany|German manufacturers (AVM
GmbH|AVM, Systec, Stollmann). Since
1991 CAPI is being developed further
by CAPI Association e.V.
Implementations exist for different
operating systems like Linux and
Microsoft Windows.
1
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Common ISDN Application Programming Interface
Through the European
Telecommunications Standards
Institute|ETSI CAPI 2.0 was introduced as
standard ETS 300 324 (Profile B).
1
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Common ISDN Application Programming Interface
1
Primarily CAPI was designed for data
transfer over ISDN. The specification
has been extended multiple times,
thereby it became important to the
area of voice- and fax-communication.
Because pure data transfer over IPbased networks is dominant in
modern times, CAPI is being used
primarily in the scope of voice
applications (voice mail, Interactive
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Common ISDN Application Programming Interface
1
The CAPI Interface in its current release
(CAPI 2.0) supports a variety of signaling
protocols (D channel protocols), e.g.
Digital Subscriber System No. 1|DSS1 and
FTZ 1 TR 6. The interface operates in the
OSI model between layer 3 and 4 but only
controls layers 1 to 3.
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Common ISDN Application Programming Interface
1
Besides popular signaling protocols
for Integrated Services Digital
Network|ISDN implementations of
CAPI for Asynchronous transfer
mode|ATM, GSM and Voip|VoIP
(H.323 and Session Initiation
Protocol|SIP) exist, thus CAPI
applications can be used directly on
cutting edge communications
infrastructure
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
1
* 'ETS 300 130' Malicious Call
Identification
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
* 'ETS 300 172' Circuit-Mode Basic
Service
1
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
1
* 'ETS 300 239' - Generic
Functional Protocol
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
1
* 'ETS 300 359' - Call
Completion To Busy
Subscriber (CCBS)
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
* 'ETS 300 259' - Path
Replacement Additional Network
Feature (ANF-PR)
1
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
Source : [http://www.etsi.org/ European
Telecommunications Standards Institute] (ETSI)
1
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QSIG - List of ISDN standards
Source :
[http://www.itu.org/
International
Telecommunications
Union] (ITU)
1
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Broadband ISDN
1
In the 1980s the telecommunications
industry expected that digital
services would follow much the same
pattern as voice services did on the
public switched telephone network,
and conceived an end-to-end circuit
switching|circuit switched services,
known as 'Broadband Integrated
Services Digital Network' ('B-ISDN').
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Broadband ISDN
1
For business, ISDN's 64 kbit/s data rate
compared unfavorably to 10 Mbit/s local
area networks such as Ethernet
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Broadband ISDN
They included
G.707[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-RECG.707/en/ G.707] to
G.709,[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-RECG.709/en/ G.709] and
I.121[http://www.itu.int/rec/T-RECI.121/en/ I.121] which defined the
principal aspects of B-ISDN, with
many others following through the
1990s.
1
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Broadband ISDN
1
The B-ISDN vision has been overtaken by
other disruptive technology|disruptive
technologies used in the Internet
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Narrowband ISDN
1
'N-ISDN' (Narrowband Integrated Switch
digital Network) was an attempt to replace
the Analog signal|analog telephone
system with a Digital signal|digital one.
Unfortunately, the standardization process
was too long and regarding to the
technology progress in this area, once the
standard was finally agreed, it was
obsolete.
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Narrowband ISDN
It generally uses 64
kbit/s channel as the
basic unit of switching.
1
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Narrowband ISDN
1
It has a circuit switching
orientation.
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Narrowband ISDN
1
Its major contribution
was Frame Relay.
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Narrowband ISDN
1
It describes telecommunication that carries voice
information in a narrow band of frequencies.
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Narrowband ISDN
1
So the people can access Internet over
a 144 kbit/s digital link, instead of a
28.8 kbit/s analog modem link and for
affordable price that may be a niche
for N-ISDN for the next few
years.https://fmfiuk.hq.sk/Informatika/Distribuovane
%20Systemy/knihy/ICN/ch2s5.htm
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ISDN (disambiguation)
1
* ISDN (album) by The
Future Sound of
London
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ISDN (disambiguation)
1
* Isosorbide dinitrate,
the drug used in the
treatment of angina
pectoris
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ITU V.70 - V.70 vs VOIP ISDN
Today, such a service, if offered, would
typically be provided via VoIP, ISDN,
and/or via DSL over the same wires as an
analog POTS line. This standard was
released in 1996, at a time when
consumer access to The Internet was
beginning to take off as were Cell Phones.
1
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ITU V.70 - V.70 vs VOIP ISDN
1
DSVD was not substantially adopted, let
alone extended to provide the features
consumers actually needed (like making
arbitrary calls while connected). V.70 was
largely obsoleted by the services offered
and the changes in usage that
accompanied the rise of The Internet.
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ITU V.70 - V.70 vs VOIP ISDN
1
In the internet model, the user's modem
does not connect directly to a site where
there may be parties the user wishes to
have a voice conversation with but instead
connects to an intermediate Network
Access Point; as such, the small subset of
potential phone conversations served by
DSVD was further reduced.
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BeoCom - BeoLine PSTN and BeoLine ISDN
The Mark 1 version of BeoLine was
made in two variants: one to connect
to a traditional analogue PSTN
service, and one to connect to an ISDN
service
1
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MSISDN
1
different MSISDNs
can be associated
with the Subscriber
Identity
Module|SIM.
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
Depending on source or
standardization body, the abbreviation
MSISDN can be written out in several
different ways. These are today the
most widespread and common in use.
1
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
|Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications
(new)[ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/201403/Rel-10/21_series/21905-a30.zip 3GPP
Vocabulary]
1
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
ITU-T Rec. Q.1741-4
(10/2005)[http://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pu
b.asp?lang=eid=T-REC-Q.1741.4-200510I!!PDF-Etype=items ITU-T Q.1741-4]
1
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
Dictionary for OMA Specifications
[http://www.openmobilealliance.org/docum
ent/OMA-ORG-Dictionary-V2_720081023-A.pdf OMA Dictionary]
1
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
1
|Mobile Station International ISDN
Number(s)
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
1
|Mobile International ISDN
Number
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
|Vocabulary of Switching and Signalling
Terms
[http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp
?lang=enparent=T-REC-Q.9-198811-I ITU
Vocabulary]
1
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MSISDN - Abbreviation
1
For further information on the MSISDN format, see
the ITU-T specification E.164..
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