Transcript ppt-kathy-schrock-guide-to-the-internet-for-educators

Kathy Schrock’s Guide * for Educators
Presentation
Definition of the Internet
 Approach to the Internet
 History of the Internet
 Hook it up!
 Searching the Web & evaluation
 Internet tools software
 Curriculum integration
 Creating your own home page

The Internet is a...
...distributed
hypermedia
network
of networks
Distributed
 Information
on the Internet is located
on many millions of computers
 No
one agency has jurisdiction of the
Internet; everyone plays a part
Hypermedia
 The
Internet supports many different
formats of information
 Text files
 Pictures
 Photographs
 Sound files
 Video files
Network of Networks
 Network
: two or more computers
hooked together
 Network
of networks : over 40,000
networks of computers all hooked
together
The Internet is a...
Distributed
 Hypermedia
 Network of networks

How to Approach the Internet
Don’t get frustrated
 Keep it simple
 Give yourself time to explore
 “Mess with it!”
 Find a mentor to help
 Look for personal interests first

History of the Internet
 Started
in 1969 by the Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
 The
Department of Defense wanted a
system that would still work if part of it
were destroyed
 In
1983, the research computers that
were networked became ARPANET
History of the Internet
 In
1986 the National Science
Foundation took the initiative and ran
the network backbone
 In
1995, the NSF stepped out and
commercial providers took over the
Internet
Hook It Up!
Things You Need ...
 Computer
 Phone
line
 Modem (28.8 kps)
 Service provider
 Software
Computer Specs for Graphical
Access to the Internet
 IBM
PC-compatible or Macintosh
 8mb RAM (16mb better)
 DX66 or equivalent microprocessor
 250 mb+ hard drive
 Sound card is optional, but nice
 28.8 kbps modem
Internet Access Providers
 Commercial
services
(AOL, Prodigy, Compuserve)
 Local
 Call
access providers (ISP)
a local computer store for
information on ISP’s
Things to Look for in a Provider
 About
$35 for start-up and $20 per
month for unlimited Internet and
e-mail access
1
modem per 10 subscribers; toll-free
number
 Tech
support and start-up disk supplied
E-Mail Addresses
Username followed by “@” symbol
 Computer name and domain
 Domains : net, org, edu, mil, gov, com

[email protected]
Username
Computer name & domain
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
“Address” of a file on the Internet
 Contains type of protocol followed by the
computer name, directory and file name

 http://www.capecod.net/Wixon/wixon.htm
 gopher://gopher.boombox.micro/
 ftp:// wuarchive.wustl.edu/pub/windows/psp3.zip
 mailto:[email protected]
The World Wide Web
 A global
network of information servers
 Information may be in the form of text,
audio, video, or animation
 Many millions of sites containing
documents with links to other documents
 Fastest growing area of the Internet
Finding Information on the WWW
Search Engines
 Software programs that scan the
contents of Web servers to create large
indices of information
 User can perform keyword searches of
these indices; combining of terms
 AltaVista, Lycos, Webcrawler, HotBot
Finding Information on the WWW
Directories
 Collections of resources compiled and
organized by a person
 May be searchable via keyword
 May be general or subject-specific
 Yahoo, Magellan, Lycos A2Z
Evaluating Information on the Net






Who wrote it?
When was it written?
Why was it written?
Is it biased?
Is it authentic?
Is the author an
expert?





Is the page easy to use?
Is the page free from
HTML errors?
Are the graphics useful?
Can you verify the
information?
Is a bibliography
included?
Internet Software Needed
TCP/IP Software
 Dialer
 E-Mail Software
 WWW Browser
 Telnet Software
 IRC (Chat) Software
 FTP Software
 Newsreader Software

TCP/IP Software

TCP/IP is the language of the Internet that
allows unlike computers to “talk”
Mac TCP included with System 7.5+
Available for System 7
Windows 3.1 : Trumpet Winsock
Windows 95 : TCP/IP included
Dialer

A dialer is a piece of software that is
configured to allow your computer to
connect to a PPP or SLIP provider
Mac PPP : shareware
Windows 3.1 : Trumpet includes a dialer
Windows 95 : Network dialer included
Electronic Mail Software
Allows the user to send and receive e-mail
messages from other users or mailing lists
 Should include an address book function
 Common shareware mail programs include:
* Eudora
* Pegasus Mail
* Netscape Mail

Positive Aspects of E-Mail
 Can
easily send to one or many people
 Can
send mail any time of day or night
 May
increase students’
communication skills
World Wide Web Browser

Allows you to view WWW sites which
contain text, pictures, and sound

Netscape vs. Internet Explorer vs. Mosaic

After installation, browsers must be
configured for your machine

Easy to move back and forth between pages
due to cache
Parts of a Browser Window



Menu
Tool Bar
URL Field

Document
viewing area

Status Bar
Browser Configuration and
Helper Applications
The browser can display text and certain
formats of pictures
 For other formats the browser needs to have
“helper applications” configured
Example:
If you choose a sound file, you have
to have told the browser what piece of
software on your machine is to be run to
play the file

Saving File to Disk
File-Save on browser menu
 Choose whether you want to save as a
HTML or text file
 Choose location for saving
 Does not save graphics, only text
 To save graphics, position cursor and use
right mouse button to “save this image as...”

Telnet Software
 Telnet
is the Internet protocol that
allows you to directly “hook up” with a
remote, text-based computer
 Many library card catalogs are
accessed via telnet
 Less computing power is needed for
the host computer if the user is
accessing via telnet
IRC (Chat Software)
 A method
of talking (via typing) to a
multitude of people at the same time
 You
 For
join a “room” of your interest
schools, appropriate use includes
online simulations and prearranged,
live discussions
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Software

A system that allows files to be transferred
between machines on the Internet

These files include text and programs

Access is usually via “anonymous” login
into large computer archives of files;
best to know exact location of file
FTP’ing via Netscape
Newsreader Software
 Used
to read newsgroups which are
discussion groups dedicated to specific
topics; open forums
 Accessed
via a bulletin-board type of
listing
 You
can post and read messages via an
e-mail type interface
Common Newsgroup Hierarchies





alt
comp
k12
misc
rec
Newsgroups via Netscape
Newsgroups via Netscape
Subscribed
Newsgroups
Message
List
Use of the Internet in Schools
Teachers become facilitators of student
independent, active learning
 Teach students to determine whether the
Internet is the most appropriate information
source
 Teach students to evaluate sites
 Integrate the Internet into the curriculum via
models such as WebQuests
 Wonderful for time-sensitive information

E-Mail Collaborative Projects








Keypals
Global classrooms
Electronic appearances
Electronic mentors
Impersonations
Information exchange
Electronic publishing
Database creation








TeleField Trips
Pooled data analysis
Information searches
Electronic process writing
Sequential creations
Parallel problem solving
Simulations
Social action projects
c1994 Judi Harris. The Way of the Ferret. ISTE.
The following information
taken from :
Serim, Fermi & Melissa Koch.
NetLearning : Why Teachers Use
the Internet. CA : O’Reilly, 1996.
(1-56592-201-8)
The Internet is useful when your
students need to know something
that is...
not in their textbooks or library
 based on data collected by the government
 likely to require specialized knowledge
 best understood from eyewitness accounts
 fast-breaking news

The Internet is not useful for...
in-depth historical information
 a quick overview or definition of a topic

The Internet is also good for :
collaborating on projects with students all
over the world
 finding and contacting experts
 getting real-world experience in researching
and evaluating information
 publishing students’ projects and
publications

The Internet is not a substitute for :
face-to-face interaction with other students
and teachers
 drawing, writing, building, planting, or any
other type of hands-on activities

Authentic Assessment
Teachers need to clearly state goals
 Teachers need to create meaningful activities
 Students need time to think about how they
are learning
 Create a rubric to evaluate student work
 Have students peer-evaluate others
 Cycle of reflecting, posting, reviewing, and
responding

HTML : Hypertext Markup Language
The standard set of codes used on the
Internet to design and view World Wide
Web pages.
 These pages are basically plain text files
with special codes inserted throughout to
tell a computer’s web browsing software
how the document should appear and
behave on the screen.

THE END
c1996 Kathy Schrock
([email protected])