Transcript ppt 12.5MB

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What makes an exchange open?
Cees de Laat
Freek Dijkstra
Leon Gommans
Bas van Oudenaarde
University of Amsterdam
www.glif.is
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#
A. Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use
u
s
e
r
s
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Need full Internet routing, one to many
B. Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s, mostly LAN
Need VPN services and full Internet routing, several to several + uplink
C. Scientific applications, distributed data processing, all sorts of grids
Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual Organizations, few to few, p2p
ΣC >> 100 Gb/s
ΣB ≈ 30 Gb/s
A
ΣA ≈ 20 Gb/s
C
B
ADSL
GigE
BW requirements
Transport of flows
BW
RTT
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?
C
Needs more App & Middleware interaction
Full optical future
GLIF now For what current Internet was designed
B
A
# FLOWS
Towards Hybrid Networking!
•
Costs of optical equipment 10% of switching 10 % of full routing equipment for same
throughput
– 10G routerblade -> 75-300 k$, 10G switch port -> 5-10 k$, MEMS port -> 0.5-1.5 k$
– DWDM lasers for long reach expensive, 10-50 k$
•
Bottom line: look for a hybrid architecture which serves all classes in a cost effective
way ==> map A -> L3 , B -> L2 , C -> L1
•
Give each packet in the network the service it needs, but no more !
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L1 ≈ 0.5-1.5 k$/port
L2 ≈ 5-10 k$/port
L3 ≈ 75+ k$/port
How low can you go?
Application
Endpoint A
Router
Local
MEMS
Ethernet
Regional
POS
dark
fiber
15454
Application
6500
Endpoint B
HDXc
Trans-Oceanic
Ethernet
SONET
DWDM
Fiber
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GLIF
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L
I
G
H
T
H
O
U
S
E
UVA’s
64*64
Optical Switch
@ LightHouse
Costs 1/100th of
a similar
throughput router
or
1/10th of
a similar
throughput
Ethernet switch
but has only
specific services!
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Groningen1
Leeuwarden
Harlingen
Middenmeer1
IBG1 & IBG2
Assen1
Den Helder
Beilen1
Dwingeloo1
Emmeloord
Emmen1
Beilen1
Subnetwork 4:
Blue Azur
Hoogeveen1
Meppel1
Lelystad2
BT
NLR
DLO
Alkmaar1
NLR
Zwolle1
Lelystad1
Haarlem1
Amsterdam1
Amsterdam2
BT
BT
Subnetwork 3:
Red
Leiden1
Apeldoorn1
3XLSOP
Breukelen1
Subnetwork 1:
Green
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Hilversum1
Enschede1
Arnhem
Schiphol-Rijk
Zutphen1
DenHaag
Wageningen1
Utrecht1
Common
Photonic
Layer
(CPL) in
SURFnet6
Nijmegen1
Rotterdam4
Delft1
Bergen-opZoom
Zierikzee
Ede
Rotterdam1
Dordrecht1
Breda1
Middelburg
Vlissingen
Subnetwork 2:
Dark blue
Nieuwegein1
Venlo1
Den Bosch1
Eindhoven1
Subnetwork 5:
Grey
Heerlen1
Maasbracht1
Krabbendijke
Heerlen1
Tilburg1
Maastricht1
Geleen1
Heerlen2
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GLIF Q3 2005
Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA
Data collection by Maxine Brown.
Services
2
Metro
20
National/
regional
200
World
A
Switching/
routing
Routing
ROUTER$
B
Switches +
Switches +
ROUTER$
E-WANPHY
E-WANPHY
VPN’s
(G)MPLS
dark fiber
DWDM
MEMS switch
DWDM, TDM /
SONET
Lambda
switching
SCALE
CLASS
C
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Lambdas,
VLAN’s
SONET
Ethernet
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Optical Exchange as Black Box
Optical Exchange
Switch
Optical
Cross
Connect
TDM
TeraByte
Email
Service
Store &
Forward
DWDM
mux /demux
Ref: gridnets paper by Freek Dijkstra, Cees de Laat
Service Matrix
To
Single , any
bitstream
SONET/
SDH
cross-connect WDM demux
multicast,
regenerate,
multicast
WDM
demux*
WDM
(multiple )
1 Gb/s
Ethernet
LAN PHY
Ethernet
WAN PHY
Ethernet
From
WDM
(multiple )
VLAN
tagged
Ethernet
IP over
Ethernet
WDM demux WDM demux WDM demux WDM demux WDM demux
*
*
*
*
*
Single , any
bitstream
WDM mux
cross-connect
multicast,
regenerate,
multicast
N/A *
SONET/SDH
WDM mux
N/A *
SONET
switch,
+
TDM demux TDM demux6
*
SONET
switch
1 Gb/s Ethernet
WDM mux
N/A *
TDM mux
aggregate,
aggregate,
Ethernet
eth. convert
conversion +
aggregate,
Ethernet
conversion
aggregate,
VLAN encap
L3 entry *
LAN PHY
Ethernet
WDM mux
N/A*
TDM mux6
aggregate,
Ethernet
conversion
aggregate,
Ethernet
conversion +
Ethernet
conversion
aggregate,
VLAN encap
L3 entry *
WAN PHY
Ethernet
WDM mux
N/A *
SONET
switch
aggregate,
Ethernet
conversion
Ethernet
conversion
aggregate,
aggregate,
Ethernet
VLAN encap
conversion +
L3 entry *
VLAN tagged
Ethernet
WDM mux
N/A *
TDM mux
IP over Ethernet
WDM mux
N/A *
TDM mux
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N/A *
N/A *
N/A *
N/A *
TDM demux TDM demux
*
*
aggregate,
aggregate,
aggregate,
Aggregate,
VLAN decap VLAN decap VLAN decap VLAN decap
& encap +
L3 exit *
L3 exit *
L3 exit *
N/A *
N/A
N/A
Store &
forward, L3
entry/exit+
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Ownership of resources
• Legal Owner:
• Organization that legally owns a resource.
• A legal owner may sell the right to economically use the resource.
• Economic Owner:
• Acquires economic resource usage right a from legal resource owner.
• A contract details terms by which a resource may be used.
• Economic owners may outsource resource management to an
Administrative Owner by means of a service level agreement.
• Administrative Owner:
• Technically implements the terms of a service level agreement
• Signals requests to other AO’s and handles responses.
• Collects accounting information.
• Relationship between owners:
• Legal, economic and administrative owners may or may not be
independent organizations.
• Economic owners may acquire resources from different legal owners.
• Administrative owners may serve different economic owners.
• Economic owners may establish contracts with other economic owners
to create more elaborate services. Technical details are delegated and
implemented by Administrative Owners.
feb 2005
GLIF Workshop
LG, FD, BvO, CdL
ISO Telecommunications Management
Networks (TMN) reference model
Legal Ownership
Economic
Ownership
Administrative Ownership
Network Operator
Business Management Level
Service Management Level
Business
agreements
between Carrier
Networks and Open
Exchanges.
Manage a 99.9995
% available network
connectivity.
Network Management Level
Create optimal
route
Element Management Level
Manageable
network elements
Network Elements
Optical switches
TMN is based on the OSI management framework and uses an object-oriented
approach, with managed information in network resources modeled as attributes in
managed objects. TMN is defined in ITU-T M.3000 series recommendations
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feb 2005
GLIF Workshop
LG, FD, BvO, CdL
Contract
Optical Network Stakeholders
Contract
Global Carrier
Legal Link Owner
Economic
Link
Owner
Economic
Link
Owner
VO
Optical
Exchange
Optical
Exchange
NRN
NRN
Internet
Exchange
VO
Members
VO
Internet
Exchange
VO
Members
Global Best Effort
INTERNET
Problem
In order to enable a dynamic, cost effective VO business operation, Economic Link Owners
Red and Blue need to create and have the ability to implement link usage contracts with
VO’s leading to the creation of Optical Private Network (OPN) between VO members.
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feb 2005
GLIF Workshop
LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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Role definitions
• Legal Link Owner (LLO): Sells the right to use a link to an ELO’s
• Economic Link Owner (ELO): Acquires the right to use a link and creates
agreements with Economic VO’s about the usage of its links.ELO’s will
terminate a link at an optical exchange based on a contract with an EPO.
• Administrative Link Owner (ALO): Translates the ELO defined business rules
governing link access to technical rules that are subsequently pushed to the
APO for enforcement (optical link fibers have no electronic control).
• Legal Port Owner (LPO): Owns optical switch-ports. Usage rights are sold to
EPO’s. Multiple LPO’s may be present within an Optical Exchange.
• Economic Port Owner (EPO): Acquires the usage right from one or more
LPO’s for one or more ports on the Optical Exchange. EPO’s establishes
contracts to allow peering with own or other EPO ports on behalf of ELO’s.
• Administrative Port Owner (APO): an entity that accepts peering policies from
ALO’s. Peering policies are based on the agreements between ELO and a VO.
Creates connections with own ports or other ports from different APO’s based
on requests with credentials from VO’s members or its proxy .
feb 2005
GLIF Workshop
LG, FD, BvO, CdL
Optical Exchange Stakeholders
Open Optical Exchange
Legal Port Owner
Administrative Link
Owner (ALO)
Economic
Port
Owner
Administrative Port Owner (APO)
APO = ALO
Administrative
Link Owner (ALO)
Administrative Link
Owner (ALO)
Legal Port Owner
Economic
Port
Owner
Administrative Port Owner (APO)
APO  ALO
Not so Open Optical Exchange
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feb 2005
GLIF Workshop
Administrative Link
Owner (ALO)
LG, FD, BvO, CdL
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Discussion points
•
•
•
•
•
Nobody wanted to be a closed “whatever”
Naming is important
Housing can be open or closed
The impact of AUP’s
Is a policy free exchange an open exchange
– Always say yes
– Content ignorant
Research and development issues on OEX’s
• Economic & business models
• Hierarchical virtualization of exchange components
• Resource descriptions
•Rdf
•Central database
•dns
•web services, etc…
• Service plane
• Control plane
• Management plane
• AAA model applications
• Pick the right F to standardize
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On the iGRID2005 DEMO front:
SARA & collaborators just before this session scored
a very significant record :
> 19 Gbit/s over two 10 Gbit/s Lambda’s to run the
55 tile panel feeding data from Amsterdam!
Ref. Paul Wielinga
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More shameless dutch pr on the
iGRID2005 DEMO front:
NORTEL/UvA/NWU & collaborators showed
complete virtual system and running application
migration from Amsterdam to San Diego using
dynamical Lambdas with subsecond application
downtime
Novel token based Lambda on demand
Automatic addressing setup worked in the last demo!
iGRID is a very inspiring learning event!
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The “Dead Cat” demo
Produced by:
Michael Scarpa
Robert Belleman
Peter Sloot
Cees de Laat
Many thanks to:
AMC
SARA
GigaPort
UvA/AIR
Silicon Graphics
Zoölogisch Museum
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iGRID2005 publication opportunity
"Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS): The
International Journal of Grid Computing: Theory, Methods and Applications"
will publish a SPECIAL iGRID ISSUE in Spring/Summer 2006.
Guest editors: Larry Smarr, Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown, Cees de Laat
We can accept around 20-25 papers, Papers will be reviewed
* Maximum paper length is limited to 8 pages
* Limit of 1 paper per demonstration.
* Describe your iGrid experiences, results and performance measurements.
* DEADLINE for submission is ONE MONTH AFTER iGRID -> Oct 31.
Submission must be via the FGCS website. For author guides and
submission information, see <http://ees.elsevier.com/fgcs/>.
Contact: Cees de Laat: [email protected]
(need reviewers :-)
Questions ?
More info:
http://www.science.uva.nl/~delaat
[email protected]
Credits:
–Leon Gommans, Bas Oudenaarde, Freek Dijkstra, Bert Andree, Jeroen
van der Ham, Karst Koymans, & team
–Paola Grosso, Hans Blom
–SURFnet / GigaPort, Kees Neggers, Erik-Jan Bos, et al!
–NORTEL: Franco Travostino, Kim Roberts
–SARA: Anwar Osseryan, Paul Wielinga, Pieter de Boer,
Ronald van der Pol
–Joe Mambretti, Bill stArnaud, GLIF community
–Tom & Maxine & Larry, laurin, OptIPuter, OnVector team !!!!
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