Transcript Crusades (Honors) - White Plains Public Schools

THE CRUSADES
Global History Honors: Spiconardi
Reasons for the Crusades
Pope wanted to increase
his power
Christians believed they
could gain salvation (entry
into Heaven) if they fought
Control of Jerusalem
Nobles saw land
opportunities to start their
own kingdoms
Serfs hoped to escape
feudal oppression
Adventure
Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second
Crusade

The First Crusade was
moderately successful


Historians believe this was
due to infighting among Sunni
and Shiite Muslims
Latin states were
established in Antioch,
Edessa, and Jerusalem


Muslims & Jews slaughtered
Native Christians kicked out

In 1145, Edessa is
recaptured by Muslims


A call for a new crusade goes
out
No popular enthusiasm for a
second crusade

Pope Eugene commissions a
monk, Bernard of Clairvaux, to
preach the Second Crusade

He is successful in recruiting
kings to take arms, but…
Bernard of Clairvaux & the Second
Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)

Saladin
United a great deal of the Muslim
world under the practices of Sunni
Islam (becomes sultan of Egypt and
Syria)
 Well respected by Christians
 Seen as fair & chivalrous



Often freed Christian prisoners
Captures most Crusader cities in
response to raids on Muslims by
Raynald, a knight and Prince of
Antioch
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)

Siege of Jerusalem
(1187)
 Saladin
offers a
peaceful surrender of
the city
 Balian, the highest
ranking lord in
Jerusalem, is convinced
by citizens to not
surrender & fight back
 After
13 days of
fighting, Balian
surrenders & hands
over keys of
Jerusalem's citadel to
Saladin
 The
fall of Jerusalem
inspires the Third
Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)

The Christians

Richard The Lionheart,
King of England
Anti-Semitic
 Slaughtered 2700
Muslims at Acre

Frederick of Barbarosa,
Holy Roman Emperor
 Philip II, King of France

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)

Outcome
 Richard
becomes leader of crusade
after Frederick’s death & Philip’s
return to France
 Needed to return to England to deal
w/his brother’s planned usurpation
 Negotiates a peace with Saladin
that would allow Christian pilgrims
safe passage to Jerusalem
 Once again, it was a failure for
Christians
The Children’s Crusade
The Children’s Crusade  Thousands of
children were set out to the Holy land with no
arms.
Believed God would give them Jerusalem
Children die of cold, starvation or drowning
Some were sold into slavery
Impact of the Crusades
Despite being a failure for the
Christians…
Returning crusaders inspire interest in the East
Trade increases = Cultural Diffusion
Increase in religious intolerance
New Religious Orders Founded
Templars  protect pilgrims traveling to Holy Land
Hospitalers  cared for sick pilgrims
Kings power increases as Nobles’ power decreases
Feudalism weakened
Rent is paid instead of services provided
3…2…1
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
Identify 3 effects of the crusades
Identify 2 causes of the crusades
Identify 1 difference between the First Crusade and
the Second & Third Crusades