Transcript Crusades Notes

Crusades
• I. Cause
• A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks
• 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem
• a. Take control of Christian shrines
• b. Christians & Jews no longer safe
• 2. Turks threaten
Constantinople(Byzantine E.)
• a. Look Pope Urban II for help
• b. Pope hopes to unite East &
West Rome
• B. Pope’s call to war
• 1. Food shortage: Palestine had rich
fields
• 2. Free of debt & taxes
• 3. God to forgive sins of fallen
• 4. Soldiers wear red cross
• 5. Deus vult! “It is the will of God”
• 6. Reasons
• a. Duty
• b. Nobles gain land & fame
• c. Peasants escape hard work
• II. 1096 - Peasants’ Crusade
• A. March to Palestine
• 1. Attacked farmers, cottages, fields
• 2. Massacred Jews
• 3. Retaliation: poison wells, attack
camps
• 4. 2/3rds make it to Constantinople
• Looting city
• Byzantine Emperor supplies &
ships
• Asia Minor to fight Turks
• Killed by bowmen
• III. 1097 - Nobles’ Crusade
• A. March to Palastine
• 1. Nobles bring everything
• a. Borrowed $ to pay for supplies
• 2. 30K men defeat Turks
• B. 1099 - Crusaders captured
Jerusalem
• 1. Massacred: Turks, Jews,
Christians
• 2. Looted city
• C. Outremer - “Kingdom Beyond the
Sea”
• 1. 4 feudal kingdoms
• a. Takeover of Turk & Arab land
• b. Arab peasants advise & work
land
• c. Muslims admire bravery
• 2. Changes
• a. New architecture & design
• 1) Round towers & walls
• 2) Marble walls, painted ceilings,
silk hangings, carpets
• b. Fashion
• 1) Men: turbans, loose flowing
silk & linen
• 2) Women: jeweled tunics, gold
thread, veils, makeup, perfume
• c. Bathing
• d. Foods: rice, oranges, figs,
melons
• IV. Crusade of Kings
• A. 1174 - Saladin ruler of Egypt
• 1. Organizes Muslims
• a. Emirs - leaders of armies
• b. Soldiers
• 1) Short bows & Crossbows
• 2) Calvary
• 2. 1187 - Saladin takes Jerusalem
• a. Refused to massacre
Christians
• b. Won respect of crusaders
• B. Church urges crusade
• 1. Emperor Frederick Barbarosa of
Germany
• a. Died in Asia Minor
• b. Troops return home
• 2. King Richard I of England “the
Lionheart”
• 3. King Philip II Augustus of France
• a. 3 yrs against Saladin w/ Richard
• b. Signed treaty w/ Saladin & returned
home
• C. 1202 - Pope Innocent III calls for
crusade
• 1. Venice to replace Constantinople
as trade center
• 2. Constantinople captured & looted
• 3. Conduct shocked w. Europeans
• 4. Ideal lost
• V. 1212 - Children’s crusade
• A. Children sail from Marseilles
• B. Died or sold as slaves
• VI. Effects
• A. 1291 - Muslims take back Acre (win)
• B. Church split permanent
• C. Byzantine Empire weakened
• D. Feudalism breaks down
• 1. Kings become powerful while
Lords away
• 2. Greed clouds religious ideals
• E. Eastern influences
• 1. Learning interest renewed
• 2. Luxuries: spices, sugar, lemons,
silk
• 3. New trade routes (towns develop)
• 4. Military: crossbow, gunpowder