Transcript The Crusades

The Crusades
1095-1272
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Background
 600s – Muslims take control of Palestine
 Christians & Jews allowed to practice own religion
 This changes during the Middle Ages
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Causes
 Late 1000s – Seljuk Turks take control of Palestine
 Muslims push West to Byzantine Empire
 Pope Urban II calls for “Holy War” (Crusades)
 +10,000 Europeans respond
 Save their souls
 Knights – Gain land & wealth
 Merchants – Make money
 Love of adventure & promise of reward
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First Crusade
 1096-1099
 Armies meet difficulties on march to Palestine
 Heat –Wool & Leather Garments
 Heavy Armor
 Lacked Food & Water
 Captured Antioch – Continue march to Jerusalem
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First Crusade
 Crusaders capture Jerusalem
 Terrible massacre – Muslim & Jewish inhabitants slaughtered
 Results
 Holy Land under European control
 European culture introduced (Feudalism)
 Trade began between Europe & Holy Land
 Christians & Muslims respect each other
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Other Major Crusades
 Europeans held land for 100 years
 Turks slowly take land back
 Europeans try to prevent this in 3 more Crusades
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Second Crusade
 1146 – Turks begin taking back land
 1147 – Crusade begins
 Louie VII (France) & Conrad III (Germany)
 Join forces at Damascus
 1149 – Fail, return to Europe disgraced
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Third Crusade
 1187 – Saladin (Muslim) capture Jerusalem
 3 Leaders of Crusade
 Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Rome)
 King Phillip II (France)
 King Richard I (England)
 1189-1192
 Barbarossa drowned
 Phillip & Richard argue
 Richard reaches truce with Saladin
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Fourth Crusade
 1202 – Pope Innocent III sends French Knights
 Crusaders attack multiple Christian cities
 Zadar & Constantinople
 Attackers later excommunicated
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Results
 Brought about Changes in Europe
 Weapons & Warfare – Crossbow, Undermine Walls, Catapults,
Gunpowder
 Political – Ended Feudalism
 Nobles – Died or Sold land to finance Crusades – Now powerless
 Kings’ power grew
 Christian Church more powerful
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Results
 Ideas & Trade
 Ideas from…Other Crusaders, Byzantines, Muslims
 These ideas spread through Europe
 Italian cities became trade centers
 Ships returned with many new foods
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Lasting Effects
 Is there still conflict in the area?
 Who controls the “Holy Land” now?
 Have the groups involved learned to live peacefully?
 http://www.google.com/#q=israel&safe=active&tbm=nw
s
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Essential Questions
 How did The Crusades contribute to the end of the Middle
Ages?
 How would the world be different today if The Crusades
never happened?
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