Transcript TERENA Task Forces

Valentino Cavalli
TERENA
Developments of
Research Networking
in Europe
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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About this talk
• What is TERENA
• Technical developments in Europe
in the context of TERENA Task
Forces
• A study on technical evolution of
research networking in Europe
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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TERENA Organisation
• Association of European National Research & Education
Networks
• Not for Profit - under Dutch Law
• Founded 1987 (as RARE)
• Secretariat (12 FTE)
• 32 National Members (NRENs, including RedIRIS)
• 2 International Members: (CERN, ESA)
• 11 Associate Members:
– (DANTE, NORDUnet, Commercials)
• Permanent Observer:
– European Commission
• http://www.terena.nl
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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TERENA’s Mission
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Represent common interests and opinions of membership.
– Make political and industrial contacts.
– Lobby European Union and national governments.
– Liaise with other continents (e.g. APAN, UCAID – Internet2)
Knowledge Transfer
– Conferences (Rhodes, 7-10 June 2003), Workshops & Seminars.
– Developing informational, best-practice and training material.
Technical Programme
– Develops, tests and promotes new technologies, services and
applications.
– Task Forces, Projects and Workshops.
Fostering new services
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TERENA does not run a network !
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Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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TERENA Task Forces
• Small groups of volunteers working on specific problems
ranging from applications to middleware and lower layers.
• Limited duration, typically 2 years.
• Open to any individual or representative offering
expertise, manpower, equipment or services.
• Set of defined tasks and deliverables.
• Each task force has its own mailing list & web-space
• TERENA provides organisational and secretarial support.
• http://www.terena.nl/tech/task-forces/
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Task Force Netcast
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Survey national streaming media content.
Develop an announcements portal.
Develop a common metadata model.
European live streaming infrastructure.
Steps towards liaison with Internet Streaming Media
Alliance (ISMA)
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http://www.terena.nl/tech/task-forces/tf-netcast/
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Task Force CSIRT
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Promotes collaboration and knowledge transfer between
European CSIRTs.
Includes NREN, ISP, government and commercial CSIRTS.
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Trusted Introducer Service
Incident Object Description & Exchange Format
RIPE IRT object
Clearing House for Incident Handling Tools
CSIRT training course (TRANSITS)
Incident Information Exchange (eCSIRT.net)
Assistance to new CSIRTs (Best Current Practice)
Incident Handling Procedures
• http://www.terena.nl/tech/task-forces/tf-csirt/
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Task Force Mobility
• Transfer AA information between organisations so that a
user from a different organisation may gain wired or
wireless access to 1) the visiting organisation’s network
or 2) the visitor’s home network for home authentication
and network access
• Evaluate mobile equipment and software, AA techniques
(e.g. web-based, 802.1x, VPNs)
• Several NRENs use a hierarchy of RADIUS proxy
servers for their national infrastructure
• Define an inter-NREN roaming architecture: build and
scale a RADIUS proxy hierarchy for non-VPN AA.
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http://www.terena.nl/tech/task-forces/tf-mobility/
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Task Force AACE
• Investigates issues related to deployment of AA and other
security-related services.
• Focus on interoperability: architectural concepts, attribute
syntax and semantics, protocols
• Close collaboration with Internet2 Middleware Initiative.
• Documentation about common practices in European
R&E:
– PKI authentication
– Available AA solutions
• Repository of NRENs Root-CA certificates
• http://www.terena.nl/tech/task-forces/tf-aace/
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Task Force NGN
• Forum to discuss and test new networking technologies
for use in future European backbone, NREN or campus
networks.
• Lead by DANTE staff, undertakes GÈANT Test
Programme
• QoS (LBE, Premium IP, AF based services, QoS
monitoring and management), multicast, IPv6, MPLS,
optical networking, performance monitoring, PERT, multidomain layer 2 VPNs.
• http://www.terena.nl/tech/task-forces/tf-ngn/
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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SERENATE
• A strategic study into the evolution of European research
and education networking over the next 5-10 years
• Likely technical, commercial and political evolution over
the next few years, and to formulate recommendations of
general applicability
• EU FP5 project, partners are: Academia Europaea,
Central Technical Institute of the University of Denmark,
DANTE, European Science Foundation and TERENA
• D9: Study on developments of equipment for optical
transmission, switching and routing
• http://www.serenate.org
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
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Current Environment
• Shared IP, basically best-effort and
ubiquitous any-to-any service
• Networks currently over-provisioned
(with exceptions in some countries and
generally at the campus level)
• Guaranteed performance and traffic
engineering mostly at the IP routing layer
• Simple and transparent model, easy
management
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Emerging factors
• Access to fibre much easier than in the past: universities
and NRENs exploring a DIY approach towards network
infrastructure
• Developments of WDM equipment, opto-electronics and
all-optical devices.
• Increased availability of (but also requirement for)
bandwidth
• Changes in traffic patterns due to peer-to-peer and Grid
applications
• Need for high-bandwidth end-to-end services between a
limited number of locations to support large data flows
• Dynamic, on-demand bandwidth management, requiring
network-aware middleware
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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What are NRENs facing?
• DIY approach towards network infrastructure, but to what
extent? Campus, National, International?
• Depends on reach, but is actually happening at Campus
and National level.
• More complex internationally, not only because of
distance, but also need to provide services end-to-end
across multiple administration domains
• New expertise also required
• Change of traditional customer-supplier relationship with
carriers, more collaboration is possible and needed
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Technology
• Optical transmission
– Optical fibre
– WDM equipment
• Switches
• Routers
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
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Optical transmission
• Wide availability of fibre but limited to certain locations
(even within a country)
• Need for amplification, signal regeneration, dispersion
compensation: limitations of existing fibre plants
• Different access options:
– leased connectivity, managed fibre, long-term lease,
fibre ownership
• Cost effectiveness: Dark fibre vs managed wavelength
• Issue: Operation might require install and maintain
equipment at remote locations for NRENs
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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WDM equipment
• transmission technology allowing today
(DWDM) up to 40 Gbit/s on a single
wavelength, up to 160-190 wavelength per
fibre, up to several Tbit/s per fibre
• Analogue technology, standardisation limited to
ITU Wavelength Grid, limited interoperability
• Lot of dependency on fiber type and quality,
dispersion, etc., needs to be tailored to each
specific situations
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Capacity and reach
• Transmission capacity at 40Gbit/s per wavelength
(channel) available, multiples of 40Gbit/s being tested
– Costs of the electronics impact on interfaces, router
line-cards, etc.
– Market demand not clear yet
• Depending on fibre type current 2.5-10Gbit/s systems
require regeneration after 4-5 amplification spans (spans
varying between 80-120km) so 400-600km, new
generation ULH systems can reach up to 4000km
• CESNET experiences with NIL up to 230km (GE and
2.5Gbit/s), 180km at 10GE
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Optical switching
• Wavelength termination and signal regeneration require
OEO conversion, transponders are very expensive, but
OOO Switching equipment terminates only local traffic
and does not impact on express traffic
• OOO switches are signal-transparent, lower unit cost,
smaller footprint and lower operational costs
• Generally support a variety of framing interfaces
SONET/SDH, GE, 2.5, 10 GE, G.709, GFP
• Electrical technology still needed at user interface for
multiplexing and bandwidth grooming
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Routing
• Wide range of functionality supported: IPv6,
multicast, QoS, MPLS
• G-MPLS already available, but little
interoperability
• Support for multiple 10Gbit/s, 40Gbit/s bit-rate
interfaces is available, but line-rate interfaces
exploiting the full capacity of transmission links
are not there yet
– Cost of ASICs – mass production
• Driving introduction of 40Gbit/s
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Network Management
• A mix of networking elements requiring a unified
control plane and sophisticated management
systems to seamlessly manage network and
transport layer
• Several signalling protocols being standardised
by IETF and ITU-T
• Inter-operability, and multi-domain management
still represent a challenge
– More cooperation among network operators
to provide e2e services across domains
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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# of users
A
ADSL
B
C
BW requirements
GigE LAN
A -> Lightweight users, browsing, mailing, home use
B -> Business applications, multicast, streaming, VPN’s,
mostly LAN
C -> Special scientific applications, computing, data grids,
virtual-presence
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Tot Bandwidth
A
B
C
ADSL
GigE LAN
BW requirements
A -> Need full Internet routing, one to many
B -> Need VPN services on/and full Internet routing,
several to several
C -> Need very fat pipes, limited multiple Virtual
Organizations, few to few or point-to-point
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Economics
• Big sciences need fat pipes
• Over-provisioning is no longer a cost effective solution to
serve all user’s needs
• Costs of fibers are one/third of the equipment needed to
light them up
• Gigabit core routers increasingly expensive at higher
speed: costs of (electrical) optical equipment one/fifth of
full routing equipment (for same throughput)
• Circuit switching addresses “heavy” user needs
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Network architecture
• Simple extension of shared IP model does not scale,
need to explore hybrid network architecture solutions,
which serve all users in a single consistent and cost
effective way
• Routers and switches can be combined in providing a
flexible network architecture
– Limited cost saving but more efficient way of serving
users
– Engineering traffic not only at layer 3 but also at
layers 2 and 1
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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Conclusions
• Simple extension of shared IP model does not scale,
need to explore hybrid solutions
– Circuit/lambda switching coexisting with IP routing
• 40Gps/s will happen, but as multiple 10G first
• Access to optical infrastructure is important
• Exploitation of dark fibre depend on economics and reach
– At less than 200km NIL solutions seem viable
• Management functions crossing multiple domains are
being developed, but:
– more work in standardisation of signalling protocols
– address complexity of providing end-to-end services
in multi-domain (and multi-vendor) environment
Jornadas Técnicas RedIRIS, Mallorca, 7/11/2003
Valentino Cavalli <[email protected]>
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