Transcript Chapter 10

Lecture 11
Implementing Information Security Project
Asst.Prof.Supakorn Kungpisdan, Ph.D.
[email protected]
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Learning Objectives
 Explain how an organization’s information security blueprint
becomes a project plan
 Discuss the many organizational considerations that a project plan
must address
 Demonstrate the significance of the project manager’s role in the
success of an information security project
 Illustrate the need for professional project management for
complex projects
 Follow technical strategies and models for implementing a project
plan
 Identify the nontechnical problems that organizations face in times
of rapid change
2
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Introduction
 SecSDLC implementation phase is accomplished through
changing configuration and operation of organization’s
information systems
 Implementation includes changes to procedures,
people, hardware, software, and data
 Organization translates blueprint for information security
into a concrete project plan
3
Project Management Body of Knowledge
Areas
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
4
An IT Project Methodology
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
5
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Information Security Project
Management
 Once organization’s vision and objectives are
understood, process for creating project plan can be
defined
 Major steps in executing project plan are:
 Planning the project
 Supervising tasks and action steps
 Wrapping up
 Each organization must determine its own project
management methodology for IT and information
security projects
6
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Developing the Project Plan
 Creation of project plan can be done using work
breakdown structure (WBS)
 Major project tasks in WBS are work to be accomplished;
individuals assigned; start and end dates; amount of
effort required; estimated capital and noncapital
expenses; and identification of dependencies
between/among tasks
 Each major WBS task is further divided into smaller tasks or
specific action steps
7
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Project Planning Considerations
 As project plan is developed, adding detail is not always
straightforward
 Special considerations include financial, priority, time and
schedule, staff, procurement, organizational feasibility,
and training
8
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Financial Considerations
 No matter what information security needs exist, the
amount of effort that can be expended depends on
funds available
 Cost benefit analysis must be verified prior to
development of project plan
 Both public and private organizations have budgetary
constraints, though of a different nature
 To justify an amount budgeted for a security project at
either public or for-profit organizations, it may be useful to
benchmark expenses of similar organizations
9
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Priority Considerations
 In general, the most important information security
controls should be scheduled first
 Implementation of controls is guided by prioritization of
threats and value of threatened information assets
10
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Time and Scheduling Considerations
 Time impacts dozens of points in the
development of a project plan, including:
 Time to order, receive, install, and configure security
control
 Time to train the users
 Time to realize return on investment of control
11
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Staffing Considerations
 Lack of enough qualified, trained, and
available personnel constrains project plan
 Experienced staff is often needed to implement
available technologies and develop and
implement policies and training programs
12
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Procurement Considerations
 IT and information security planners must consider
acquisition of goods and services
 Many constraints on selection process for equipment and
services in most organizations, specifically in selection of
service vendors or products from manufacturers/suppliers
 These constraints may eliminate a technology from realm
of possibilities
13
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Organizational Feasibility Considerations
 Policies require time to develop; new technologies
require time to be installed, configured, and tested
 Employees need training on new policies and
technology, and how new information security program
affects their working lives
 Changes should be transparent to system users unless the
new technology is intended to change procedures (e.g.,
requiring additional authentication or verification)
14
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Training and Indoctrination
Considerations
 Size of organization and normal conduct of business may
preclude a single large training program on new security
procedures/technologies
 Thus, organization should conduct phased-in or pilot
approach to implementation
15
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Scope Considerations
 Project scope: concerns boundaries of time and efforthours needed to deliver planned features and quality
level of project deliverables
 In the case of information security, project plans should
not attempt to implement the entire security system at
one time
16
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
The Need for Project Management
 Project management requires a unique set of skills and
thorough understanding of a broad body of specialized
knowledge
 Most information security projects require a trained
project manager (a CISO) or skilled IT manager versed in
project management techniques
17
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Supervised Implementation
 Some organizations may designate champion from
general management community of interest to supervise
implementation of information security project plan
 An alternative is to designate senior IT manager or CIO to
lead implementation
 Optimal solution is to designate a suitable person from
information security community of interest
 It is up to each organization to find the most suitable
leadership for a successful project implementation
18
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Executing the Plan
 Negative feedback ensures project progress is measured
periodically
 Measured results compared against expected results
 When significant deviation occurs, corrective action taken
 Often, project manager can adjust one of three
parameters for task being corrected: effort and money
allocated; scheduling impact; quality or quantity of
deliverable
19
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
20
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Project Wrap-up
 Project wrap-up is usually handled as procedural task
and assigned to mid-level IT or information security
manager
 Collect documentation, finalize status reports, and deliver
final report and presentation at wrap-up meeting
 Goal of wrap-up is to resolve any pending issues, critique
overall project effort, and draw conclusions about how
to improve process
21
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Technical Topics of Implementation
 Some parts of implementation process are technical in
nature, dealing with application of technology
 Others are not, dealing instead with human interface to
technical systems
22
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Conversion Strategies
 As components of new security system are planned,
provisions must be made for changeover from previous
method of performing task to new method
 Four basic approaches:
 Direct changeover
 Phased implementation
 Pilot implementation
 Parallel operations
23
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
The Bull’s-Eye Model
 Proven method for prioritizing program of complex
change
 Issues addressed from general to specific; focus is on
systematic solutions and not individual problems
 Relies on process of evaluating project plans in
progression through four layers: policies, networks,
systems, applications
24
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Followed by assessment and remediation of the security of
the organization’s applications
25
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
To Outsource or Not
 Just as some organizations outsource IT operations,
organizations can outsource part or all of information
security programs
 Due to complex nature of outsourcing, it’s advisable to
hire best outsourcing specialists and retain best attorneys
possible to negotiate and verify legal and technical
intricacies
26
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Technology Governance and Change
Control
 Technology governance: complex process an
organization uses to manage impact and costs from
technology implementation, innovation, and
obsolescence
 By managing the process of change, organization can
 improve communication;
 enhance coordination;
 reduce unintended consequences;
 improve quality of service; and
 ensure groups are complying with policies
27
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
The Culture of Change Management
 Prospect of change can cause employees to build up
resistance to change
 The stress of change can increase the probability of
mistakes or create vulnerabilities
 Resistance to change can be lowered by building
resilience for change
 Lewin change model: unfreezing, moving, refreezing
28
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Reducing Resistance to Change from the
Start
 The more ingrained the previous methods and behaviors,
the more difficult the change
 Best to improve interaction between affected members
of organization and project planners in early project
phases
 Three-step process for project managers: communicate,
educate, and involve
29
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Developing a Culture that Supports
Change
 Ideal organization fosters resilience to change
 Resilience: organization has come to expect change as
a necessary part of organizational culture, and
embracing change is more productive than fighting it
 To develop such a culture, organization must successfully
accomplish many projects that require change
30
NETE4630 Advanced Network Security and
Implementation
Summary
 Moving from security blueprint to project plan
 Organizational considerations addressed by project plan
 Project manager’s role in success of an information
security project
 Technical strategies and models for implementing project
plan
 Nontechnical problems that organizations face in times
of rapid change
31