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Networking Presented By: Ken Gutierrez Fred Hadley Overview What Is Networking? How It Works Ways To Connect Types Of Networks Network Topologies Networking Software What is Networking? Definition Two or more computers connected in order to share data and resources. Files Peripherals (External) Devices Why A Network? Simultaneous Access Share Peripheral Devices Personal Communication Easier Backup Share Internet Connection Simultaneous Access In organizations, many people may need to use the same data or programs. Shared data and programs can be stored on a central network server. Server that stores data files is a file server. Managers may assign access rights to users. Read data only. Make changes to existing files. Play Multi-Computer Games Share Peripheral Devices Peripheral (external) devices are expensive. Cost-effective to share Printers Scanners Internet Connection Spooling Send Multiple Documents (Print Jobs) Temporarily Stored On Server Printed In Turn Send Output Of A Device To Other Computers Personal Communication Email Exchange Over LAN or Internet Other Popular Network-Based Communications Systems Teleconferencing Videoconferencing Easier Backup Enables managers to back up important data. Administrators commonly back up shared data files stored on the server, but may also use the network to back up files on users’ PCs. How It Works Ways To Connect Ethernet Wireless Power Lines Phone Lines Walking Diskettes Back & Forth Ethernet Network Hardware 2 Or More Network Interface Cards (NIC) Cables Routers Bridges Hubs Ethernet Hardware Pictures How Ethernet Networking Works Ethernet Pros & Cons Advantages Fastest Technology Inexpensive If PCs Are Close To One Another Extremely Reliable Easy To Maintain After Setup Virtually Unlimited Number Of Devices Can Be Connected Great Deal Of Tech Support & Information Available Disadvantages Additional Equipment Needed If More Than 2 PCs Expensive If Wiring & Jacks Need To Be Installed Setup & Configuration Can Be Difficult Technical Jargon & Number Of Options Can Be Confusing Power Line Network Hardware Electrical Outlet Power Line Technology Intellon PowerPacket Intelogis Passport Wall Outlet Power Line Hardware Pictures How Power Line Networking Works Intellon Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Available Frequencies Split Into 84 Carriers Send Packets Simultaneously Noise Or Power Surge Intelogis Frequency Shift Keying Uses 2 Frequencies: One For 1s & One For 0s Anything Infringes Frequency Disrupts Data Flow Power Line Pros & Cons Advantages No New Wires Inexpensive Several Outlets In Every Room Easy Installation Printer Can Be Physically Elsewhere Doesn’t Require A Card To Be Installed In PC Disadvantages Slower Connection Home Power Usage Affects Performance Limits Features Of Printer Only Windows-Based PC Uses Large Wall Devices To Access Outlets Only Uses 110V Lines Data Must Be Encrypted For A Secure Network Older Wiring Can Affect Performance Phone Line Network Hardware Phone Jacks Telephone Cords HomePNA Hardware Phone Line Hardware Pictures How Phone Line Networking Works HomePNA Uses Frequency Division Multiplexing PC Data Divided On Separate Frequencies FDM Separates Extra Signal Space On Phone Line Into Distinct Channels By Splitting It Into Uniform Chunks Of Bandwidth Like Radio Stations Phone Line Pros & Cons Advantages Easy Installation Inexpensive Standardized Reliable Operates At Constant 10 Mbps (Even With Phone Use) No Additional Network Equipment Supports Up To 25 Devices Fast For Bandwidth-Intensive Apps Compatible With Other Networking Technologies Works On MACs & Older Systems Disadvantages Phone Jacks Close To PC May Have To Run Phone Extension Cords May Have To Install New Wiring Physical Limit Of 1000 Feet Of Wiring Between Devices Wireless Network Hardware Wireless Card Router Access Point Wireless Hardware Pictures How Wireless Networking Works IEEE 802.11 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS HomeRF Shared Wireless Protocol SWAP Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA Wireless Fidelity Wi-Fi Wireless Pros & Cons (SWAP) Advantages Inexpensive Easy Installation No Additional Wires No Access Point Allows Up To 127 Devices Allows Multiple Networks In Same Location Can Use Data Encryption To Increase Security Disadvantages Not Very Fast 1 Mbps Limited Range 75 to 125 Feet Not Compatible With FHSS Devices Difficult To Integrate Into Existing Wired Networks Wireless Pros & Cons (WIFI) Advantages Fast 11 Mbps Reliable Long Range 1000 Feet Easily Integrated Into Existing Wired-Ethernet Networks Compatible With Original 802.11 DSSS Devices Disadvantages Expensive Can Be Difficult To Setup Speed Can Fluctuate Significantly Types Of Networks Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Peer To Peer Client/Server Network Topologies Bus All devices are connected to a central cable, called the bus or backbone. Star All devices are connected to a central hub. Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub. Ring All devices are connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of the other, in the shape of a closed loop, or ring. Mesh Devices are interconnected to every other node in the network. Tree A hybrid topology. Groups of star-configured networks are connected to a linear bus backbone. Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mesh Topology Tree Topology Networking Software Microsoft Solaris Novell Summary What Is Networking? How It Works Ways To Connect Types Of Networks Network Topologies Networking Software Sources How Stuff Works computer.howstuffworks.com Questions