Transcript behind - aworc.org

Technical Terms We
Can’t Avoid
1999 Asian Women's Network
Training Workshop
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Contents
• Network components
• TCP/IP
• IP-address
• Gateway
• Domain Name System
• Nameserver
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Training Workshop
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Network Components
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• Client - software that allows files and printers to be
shared with other network computers.
• Adapter - hardware device that physically connects your
computer to the network.
• Protocol -
"language" a computer uses to communicate
over a network. Computers must use the same protocol to
communicate with each other.
• Service - One type of service enables you to share your
files and printers with other people on the network.
Examples of other services are automatic system backup,
remote registry, and network monitor agent.
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Client
Microsoft Network, Novell Netware,
Windows NT Workstation
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Adapter
ethernet card, wireless LAN card, dialup adapter, radio-modem card, etc.
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Service
file sharing, printer sharing, system
backup, personal web server
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TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
basic communication language of
the Internet. It can also be used as
a communications protocol in
private networks called intranets
and in extranets.
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TCP/IP is a two-layered program
Transmission Control Protocol
• higher layer
• manages the assembling of a message or file
into smaller packets that are transmitted over
the Internet
• reassembles the packets into the original
message.
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Internet Protocol (IP)
• lower layer
• method or set of rules by which data is sent
from one computer to another on the
Internet.
• handles the address part of each packet so
that it gets to the right destination.
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IP address
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IP-address
example: 208.160.242.35
•
•
•
•
•
Unique
scarce
4 octets (8-bit-bytes)
value of each octet 0-255
classes of networks (A,B,C, CIDR)
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Each computer (known as a host) on the
Internet has at least one address that
uniquely identifies it from all other
computers on the Internet. When you send
or receive data (for example, an e-mail note
or a Web page), the message gets divided
into little chunks called packets. Each of
these packets contains both the sender's
Internet address and the receiver's
address.
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Return-Path: <[email protected]>
Received: from rmit.EDU.AU (tardis.its.rmit.edu.au [131.170.2.30])
by kuanyin.isiswomen.org (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id TAA26756
for <[email protected]>; Sun, 6 Jun 1999 19:38:04 +0800
Received: from ems.rmit.edu.au (ems.rmit.edu.au [131.170.2.134]) by rmit.EDU.AU
(8.8.8/8.7.3/ram4/ANTI-SPAM/ANTI-RELAY/VOGA) with SMTP id NAA27352 for
<[email protected]>; Sun, 6 Jun 1999 13:32:42 +1000 (EST)
Received: from INTERNET-Message_Server by ems.rmit.edu.au
with Novell_GroupWise; Sun, 06 Jun 1999 13:31:18 +1000
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 5.5
Date: Sun, 06 Jun 1999 13:30:52 +1000
From: "Justina Curtis" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Subject: greetings from netcafe on sarawak river...
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by kuanyin.isiswomen.org id
TAA26756
Gateway
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Gateway
• network point that acts as an entrance to another
network.
• the Internet is made up of gateway nodes and
host nodes.
• computers of network users and the computers that
serve content, such as Web pages, are host nodes.
• computers that control traffic within your company's
network or at your local Internet service provider (ISP)
are gateway nodes.
Domain Name System
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Domain Name System
The domain name system (DNS) is the way that
Internet domain names are located and translated
into IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. A domain name
is a meaningful and easy-to-remember "handle" for
an Internet address.
Because maintaining a central list of domain
name/IP address correspondences would be
impractical, the lists of domain names and IP
addresses are distributed throughout the Internet in a
hierarchy of authority.
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Domain Name
a domain name locates an organization or other entity
on the Internet.
Example: kuanyin.isiswomen.org
kuanyin = host server
.org = the part of the domain name that reflects the purpose
of the organization or entity, also known as top level
domain name
isiswomen = part of the domain name defines the organization
or entity and together with the top-level is called the
second-level domain name. Also known as second-level
domain name, this is the "readable" version of the
Internet address.
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• top level identifies geographic or purpose
commonality
.com, .net, .org, .net, .gov
.kr, .ph
• second level identifies a unique place within the
top level domain and is, in fact, equivalent to a
unique address on the Internet (or IP).
isiswomen
• lower levels of domain may also be used.
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* type on browser address bar:
http://www.isiswomen.org
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* type on browser address bar:
http://208.160.242.35
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* type on browser address bar:
http://kuanyin.isiswomen.org
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Nameserver
• converts natural names to IP-numbers
• converts IP-numbers to names
example:
isiswomen.org = 208.160.242.35 =
kuanyin.isiswomen.org
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* type on browser address bar:
http://www.networksolutions.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois/
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More information
• History of the Internet (non-Technical)
http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/
• Answers to “What is” questions
http://whatis.com/index.htm
• DNS discussions
http://www.isoc.org/internet/issues/dns/
http://www.ispo.cec.be/eif/dns/conclusions.html
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More information
• APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information
Centre
http://www.apnic.net/index.html
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