Transcript presentation source

Windows routing and
resolution
Basic concepts
Host name: machine.sub-domain.domain
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example: mail.ubalt.edu
same machine name in Windows in NetBIOS
and TCP/IP, but the NetBIOS name is just
\\machine
IP numbers are assigned to NICs
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a machine can have more than one NIC
one NIC can have more than one IP number
use IPCONFIG to see IP numbers in a
machine
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example in AL 200 and WEBTEACH
How to map host names to IP numbers?
IP resolution
Name resolution: given a TCP/IP name how to
know its corresponding IP number.
Alternatives
 HOSTS file: an ASCII list of host names and IP
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numbers,
IP broadcast: workstation asks for IP number
(resolution)
LMHOSTS file: does all HOSTS do plus include
part of the table from central location, identify DC,
Domain, etc. Both at \%system
root%\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc
DNS: a data base containing zone, cache, reverse
lookup, and arpa-127 files (resource records),
located at \%system
root%\Windows\System32\Dns directory, DHCP
IP routing
Routing tables
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Static - maintained by network manager (NT)
Dynamic - automatically by routing protocol
DNS
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required for socket applications (FTP, HTTPD,
MAIL)
DNS service, dynamic link to WINS but requires
manual updating of central route table , RIP takes
care of the rest (NT). DHCP automatically updates
DNS in Windows 2K on
DNS data base: boot (where are the files), arpa127.rev (maps localhost into 127.0.0.1), cache
(where the “root servers” are located in the
Internet), direct and reverse lookup table of names
IP routing tools
Nslookup
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information, e.g. nslookup <webteach>
commands: set option , e.g. domain,
port(53).
Viewing the route table
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netstat -rn or route print
example in AL 200 and WEBTEACH
note: 0.0.0.0 is Internet connection
Trace route
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tracert: example in AL200 and
WEBTEACH