Transcript Unit3NotesExploration

Starter: Review Questions (use your notes or
textbook—answer in complete sentences!)
1. Identify the impact of Marco Polo on the
Age of Exploration? (Hint: What did he
do to make people want to explore?!)
2. What inventions or technologies from the
Middle Ages supported sea
travel/exploration?
3. Why do you think Europeans wanted to
explore new areas in the Age of
Exploration?
AGE OF EXPLORATION
(1400S-1700S)
Result of the Crusades and the
demand for spices; Europeans
began exploring various parts of the
world in the 1400's and carried
European culture to the rest of the
world.
Motives for Exploration and Expansion
Search for new trade routes wanted to find a
quicker way to Asia
Desire for new products
Crusades and travels
of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian
goods
Technology improved that allowed overseas
exploration; gunpowder allowed Europeans to
dominate
Religion
Christian rulers wanted to spread
religion
Effects
Native American civilizations destroyed
European diseases killed millions of Native
Americans
European powers built extensive overseas empires
Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas
Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato)
brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange]
Demand for African slaves increased
Capitalism expanded with growth of trade
Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]
“Age of Exploration” Infographic
Navigate to the Age of Exploration
Infographic on history.com.
Based on what you see in the infographic,
explain why explorers may have taken
these voyages despite the dangers.
15 minutes
Christopher Columbus
Accidentally found
America while looking
for a westward route
to Asia
Funded by Queen
Isabella of Spain
His voyages
considered a turning
point in history
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer
Discovered an allwater route from
Europe to India
Brought spices back to
Portugal and made
huge profits—leading
others to make similar
trips
Ferdinand Magellan
Spanish explorer
Convinced king of Spain
to fund a trip to sail to
Asia through the Western
Hemisphere
First person credited with
circumnavigating the
world (even though he
was killed in the
Philippines and never
actually finished the
voyage)
Hernan Cortes
Conquered the Aztec
Empire in Mexico in
1519
Conquistador: Spanish
conqueror who was
trained in firearms
Wanted to convert
Natives to Catholicism
“God, glory, and gold”
Francisco Pizarro
Conquistador
Conquered the Inca
Empire in Peru in
1833
Steel weapons and
smallpox
Columbian Exchange
Exchange of plants and animals between
Europe and conquered lands
Impacted the economies of both areas
Encomienda system: gave Spanish settlers
in the Americas the right to use Natives as
laborers
Protection was supposed to be provided
Resulted in forced labor, starvation, and disease
Rivalries
The Portuguese and the Spanish were the
first great explorers.
By the end of the 1600s many other
European countries were exploring.
Dutch in India, North America, Caribbean
French took Canada and Louisiana
English settlers forming colonies in North
American (Virginia and Massachusetts Bay)
Starter
Answer all questions in complete sentences.
• p 431 European Voyages of Discovery #1-2
• p 436 The Columbian Exchange and
International Trade #1-2
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
1500s to 1800s
Causes
Europeans wanted cheap labor for work in
the Americas
Due to the demands of the agricultural
economies of the New World
Mercantilism: economic idea that states
you must sell more than you buy (creating a
favorable balance of trade)
Development of the Slave Trade
Slavery was a practice in many places
around the world prior to the slave trade
Most domestic servants in Europe had been
from Southwest Asia or Africa
After the discover of the Americas, demand
for slaves increased in Africa
Plantations (large agricultural estates)
needed larger amounts of slaves to work the
land
Native populations decreased OR ran away
Triangular Trade
Connection between Europe, Africa, and the
Americas
European goods traveled to Africa
African slaves were trades for these European
goods
African slaves then transported to Americas and
sold
European merchants then bought goods in the
Americas and shipped them back to Europe
The Middle Passage
Portion of the
triangular trade from
Africa to Americas
known for large
numbers of death
Disease often killed
others upon arrival
in the Americas
Effects
Encouraged African warfare
tribes went to war with other tribes to obtain slaves to
trade for guns
Disrupted African culture
it created a legacy of violence, bitterness and social
upheaval
Increased cultural diffusion
Slaves brought their songs and culture to New World
Prejudice against Africans
Colonies in Latin America
Map on page 445
Analyze map and answer the “Geography
Skills” questions in your notes (complete
sentences)
Social Classes in Latin America
Peninsulares: Spanish or Portuguese
officials born in Europe
Creoles: descendants of Europeans who
were born in Latin America (2nd generation)
Multiracial groups:
Mestizos: European and Native American
Mulattoes: European and African
Lowest level were enslaved persons or
conquered Natives
Economics
Gold and silver created profits for the
Spanish and Portuguese in their Latin
American colonies
Farming was longer lasting
Natives worked land under the encomienda
system
Trade included gold, silver, sugar, tobacco,
diamonds, and animal hide
European goods were also sold to colonists
Review/Assessment
Title a BLANK sheet of paper, “The
Triangular Trade”
Draw a visual triangle to represent the trade
network this term refers to.
You must explain the goods traded on each
“leg” of the triangle.
Identify the Middle Passage on your visual
Underneath the visual, you must summarize
the impact that this trade network had on
each area involved.
EXPLORATION REVIEW TIME
=]
There were many advancements during the
Age of Exploration. Which led to the
development of the Americas?
A. Better farming technology
B. Better printing technology
C. Better sailing technology
D. Better military technology
Which factor influenced the settlement of
coastal regions of west Africa during the Age
of Exploration?
A. Economic opportunity
B. European overpopulation
C. Diplomatic relations
D. Physical geography of the coast
Which is an effect of European
exploration to the Americas?
A. Europeans became dependent on crops
from the Americas.
B. The bubonic plague spread throughout
Europe.
C. European diseases caused millions of
deaths among American Indians.
D. Raw materials from America became very
expensive due to scarcity.
How was European society
affected by the Crusades?
A. Access to Asian luxury goods were
severely limited by war.
B. Invading Islamic armies destroyed farms
and cities.
C. Importation of Asian luxury goods created
a greater interest in trade.
D. Peasant rebellions diminished as the power
of the Church grew.