Transcript TCP/IP in NT

TCP/IP in Windows
Addresses
Ethernet address (MAC address )
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48-bit unique addresses hard wired in NICs (280
trillion)
12 hex numbers, e.g. 00-A0-C9-9F-00-07
first three identify company, Intel in the example
how to see: NT Diagnostics, Transports or IPconfig,
or System Information
IP address (number)
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32-bit value, not hard coded (4 billion), assigned
manually or by DHCP (later class)
four dotted quads, each quad a decimal from 0-255,
corresponding to eight bits, e.g. UBMAIL IP address
is 198.202.0.25
to convert open NT Calculator select View,
Interneting
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Station A wants to send message to station D, but IP
number is not in the same subnet -- no can do!
Sends the message to the default IP router -- default
gateway
All stations belonging to the same subnet share the first
three dotted quads.
204.52.128.67 and 204.52.128.147 are in the same subnet,
while 198.202.0.25 is not.
A,B and C-Class Networks
A-class networks
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first 8 bits fixed, from 0-126 (only 127)
very large companies like IBM, BBN, DEC,HP
can assign 3 dotted quads - up to 16 million hosts
B-class networks
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first 16 bits fixed, first quad 128-191 and second 0-255
(16,384)
Medium-sized companies like Microsoft, Exxon
can assign 2 dotted quads - up to 65,535 hosts
C-class networks
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first 24 bits fixed, first quad 192-223, second and third 0255 (2,097,152)
can assign 1 dotted quad - up to 253 hosts, 0 is the
subnet address., 1 default router address, 255
Subnet Mask
Default subnet mask:255.255.255.0
Subnetting a C-Class network
Number of
subnet s
0
2
4
8
16
Number of host s
in subnet
253
126
62
30
14
Number of bit s
required
0
1
2
3
4
Download and use the free IP Calculator
More in IP and subnets
Special addresses
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Network address: first address in
subnet
Router address: second address in
subnet
Broadcast address: last address in
subnet
CIDR (“slash x”
networks)
Slash
Last dot t ed
Number of
octhas
et (x)led to ithost s
 shortage of IP addresses
Subnet
mask is
128
128
 some examples 25
255.255.255.x
26
192
64
27
224
32
Sockets and WinSock
Sockets are the basic TCP requirement
Socket address
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IP address of the receiver
Port number of the receiving program
(80,21,23)
Type of port TCP or UDP
WinSock is an adaptation of sockets to
the PC
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it now comes as part of the PC OSs
it is an application programming interface
Internet Host Names
Host names in Windows
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HOSTS - a list of IP and names (each machine)
DNS - a server with a common table of IP &
names (use with Windows, together with Active
Directory)
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WINS - Windows Internet Name Server
not DNS compatible (use only with NT/9x)
 can resolve IP addresses inside a Windows
network
 good with dealing with NetBEUI names
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FQDN
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Fully Qualified Domain Name
name of a host like: machine.org.domain, e.g.
Setting static IP addresses
Install TCP/IP protocol (for NT/9x)
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open the network dialog
select protocol, then add you will see the select
protocol dialog
click OK and NT/9x will will ask for disk and install
TCP/IP
Setup IP address details
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select TCP/IP protocol and click on properties you will
see the TCP/IP properties dialog. See the equivalent in
Windows 2000 , XP , VISTA, and Windows 7.
Select the adapter you want to setup (up to six
graphically)
Fill in IP number, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway