Transcript Impact of Exploration 2

■Essential Question:
–What were the global impacts of the
European Age of Exploration?
■Warm-Up Question:
–What was the Columbian Exchange?
–What is mercantilism?
–What is capitalism?
The Impact of the Age of Exploration:
Europe
Cycle of Conquest &
Colonization
Explorers
Official
European
Colony!
Europe was greatly
impacted by the
Age of Exploration
Overseas colonies
increased the wealth
of European nations,
the power of kings.
This was especially true in
Spain where the influx of
gold turned Spain into one
of the wealthiest & most
powerful nations in Europe
King Philip II
The increase in trade
led to the growth of
capitalism, especially
in England & the
Netherlands
Capitalism is a system
in which merchants
trade & invest money in
order to make a profit;
Prices are determined
by supply and demand
Citizens can invest
money in companies
like the British East
India Company &
share in the profits
Nations developed an economic policy called
mercantilism basedMercantilism
upon the idea that national
power comes from a favorable balance of trade
As a result, colonies are needed
to supply the mother country
with cheap raw materials
Due to mercantilism, a “triangular trade”
developed between Europe, their overseas colonies,
& Africa
The Impact of the Age of Exploration:
Asia, America, Africa
Asia was greatly
The Portuguese & Dutch seized
impacted by the
trade ports in the Spice Islands
Age of Exploration & in India in order to gain exotic
European merchants goods like cotton & spices
began to dominate
trade in China & Japan
& converted many
people to Christianity
Catholic missionaries
introduced Christianity
to the American Indians
America was greatly
impacted by the
Age of Exploration
The introduction
of new foods, plants,
& animals between
America & Europe
was called the
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange
Plants, animals, and micro-organisms of Afroeurasia were
exchanged with those of the Americas across the oceans.
The introduction of potatoes The introduction
The introduction
of
& corn helped improve the Europeanof
grains,
European
horses,
diets & life expectancy of & cattlediseases
transformed
like
people throughout the world many Indian
smallpox
cultures
&
influenza killed as
many as 90% of
Native Americas
Europeans
introduced the
plantation system in
America; These large
cash crop farms were
called encomiendas
Encomiendas
required a large
supply of workers
which increased
the need for slaves
The demand for workers on American
plantations, especially in the Caribbean
& Brazil, led to the African slave trade
Africa was greatly impacted by
the Age of Exploration
The majority of African slaves
worked in harsh conditions on
sugar & indigo plantations or
in gold & silver mines
For 300 years, slaves were sold in West Africa &
brought to America along a route across the
Atlantic Ocean known as the Middle Passage
The Middle Passage
What
does this
tell about
the
motives
of the
slavers?
HEIGHT OF THE ATLANTIC SLAVE
TRADE
SLAVE ROUTES OUT OF AFRICA
STATISTICS OF THE SLAVE TRADE
ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
CARRIERS
DESTINATIONS
PORTUGAL
4.7 million
BRAZIL
4.0 million
BRITISH NORTH
AMERICA INCLUDING
THE USA
2.9 million
SPANISH
EMPIRE
2.5 million
SPAIN
1.6 million
BRITISH WEST INDIES
2.0 million
FRANCE
1.3 million
FRENCH WEST INDIES
1.6 million
NETHERLANDS
0,9 million
BRITISH NORTH
AMERICA INCLUDING
USA
500,000
DUTCH WEST INDIES
500,000
DANISH WEST INDIES
28,000
EUROPE AND
ATLANTIC ISLANDS
200,000
SOURCE: “THE SLAVE TRADE” BY HUGH THOMAS
African
Slave
Captives
auction
Sugar Position
plantation
upon
Beingarrival
Thrown
in Haiti
in
Overboard
America
The
“Coffin”
Used
Below
Desk
The Columbian Exchange
Plants, animals, and micro-organisms of Afroeurasia were
exchanged with those of the Americas across the oceans.
The Columbian Exchange
New crops like potatoes and
beans spread and improved
nutrition worldwide.
Luxury products like
coffee, chocolate, tea,
tobacco, and spices
meant new cultural
habits for those with
money to spend.
Environmental changes resulted from
introducing new species & over-hunting
Global cash crops
were grown on
large plantations
with slave labor.
Caribbean sugar plantation
1600s
Livestock introduced
to the Americas
changed indigenous
groups’ ways of life.
Plains woman hunting buffalo
1800s
Overhunting of foxes, beavers, and minks
occurred because of the fur trade.
Deforestation intensified with growth in mining,
shipbuilding, and plantation agriculture.
mining
boiling sugar