Transcript Exploration and Colonization

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Exploration and Colonization
3 worlds meet
Pre-Columbian Era
 Time before Christopher Columbus’s
arrival in the Americas
 Thriving societies of Native American people
 Complex systems of government, religion and
social organization
 When Columbus arrived he believed he had
arrived in India and called these people
“Indians”
Complex Native American
Civilizations
 Olmec- 1st empire in Americas
 Maya, Aztec, Inca-mining; cities,
temples and pyramids; glyph
writing
 Hohokam and Anasazi- North AmericaSouthwest
 Adena, Hopewell and Mississippianeast of Mississippi River; “mound
builders”
Native American Cultures
 Different tribes survived on different things
depending on their environment
 Housing, food, etc.
 Common themes among tribes
 Trade routes brought tribes in contact with one
another
 some tribes specialized in certain things
 Respect of land- not bought or sold. Land is a
resource
 Spirits lived in the world- relative who had died
 Kinship- family ties
 Division of labor- different jobs, and all work
together
West African Cultures
 Isolated from Europe and Asia but trade
connected them
 Timbuktu was the hub of the trade
routes
 Trade brought religion- _______
 Traders from Portugal arrived in 1400s
and began plantations
 Began slavery
West African Culture
 Most lived in small villages
 Strong family ties
 Age played a major role
 Oldest people influenced other family members and
represented in large meetings
 Religious rituals were part of daily life
 Respected spirits of living and nonliving
 Believed in a single creator
 Division of labor- divided by gender and
age
 Land belonged to all
 Slavery but not for life
European Societies and
Exploration (motives)
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God (Missionaries)
Gold
Glory
Gadgets- new inventions
Increase in population
Renaissance
Growth of Commerce
 Banking
 Joint stock companies
Explorers
 Christopher Columbus- Italian Sailor,
financed by Spain
 Goal was to find a trade route to Asia, claim
new land for Spain, and convert people to
Christianity
 Hernando Cortes- conquistador
(conqueror)
 Came to Americas looking for gold and silver
 Conquered the Aztecs in 1521
 Juan Ponce de Leon- explored present day
Florida
Transatlantic Encounters
 Europeans had developed a way of
colonization
 Set up areas controlled by parent
country
 Forced people to work
 Many Native Americans caught
diseases brought by Europeans and
thousands were killed
Slave Trade Begins
 Death of many Native Americans had a
major effect
 Spanish conquerors needed workers and
didn’t want to use Native Americans
 Began bringing Africans to Americas as
slaves
 More Europeans then got involved in slave
trade
 Slaves brought to Americas through the
Middle Passage
 Destroyed African societies
Columbian Exchange
 After Columbus’s voyage, ships carried trade
goods to various regions
 Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe
 Became known as Columbian Exchange
 Americas introduced crops to Europe
and Africa
 European goods were brought to the
Americas
 African foods were carried to the
Americas on slave ships
Impact on Europeans
 Many European countries wanted to
claim American land for themselves
 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the
Treaty of Tordesillas
 Divided the Western Hemisphere
along a north-south line
 Spain-west; Portugal- east
Impact on Native Americans
 Settlers from England, France and Spain
would bring their culture to colonies in
North America
 Disease killed many Native
Americans