Transcript Which of Pericles` goals do you think had the

WHAT KEY STRATEGIES
HELPED BOTH THE PERSIANS
AND GREEKS TO VICTORY IN
THE PERSIAN WAR?
• WHY DO YOU BELIEVE AMERICA HAS BEEN SO SUCCESSFUL AS A
COUNTRY? TPS
• PROSPERITY DUE IN PART TO STABLE AND EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT.
BOTH IN USA AND ATHENS
• DEMOCRACY – FORM OF GOV’T RUN BY THE PEOPLE
• DEVELOPED IN ATHENS AROUND 500 BC, SAME TIME ATHENS ENTERED
ITS CLASSICAL AGE. WHERE PERIOD OF GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS AND
TRIUMPH HAPPENED. COINCIDENCE?????
• BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY BUT NOT ALWAYS DEMOCRATIC
• TOOK SEVERAL CENTURIES TO DEVELOP
• EARLY RULED BY KINGS, LATER ARISTOCRATS - BOTH HAD $/POWER
CUT/PASTE DEMOCRACY TABLES INTO LL
• ATHENIANS WERE POOR/LITTLE POWER
• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS A GAP BETWEEN RICH/POOR? WHY DOES THIS PROBLEM
OCCUR IN HISTORY SO OFTEN?
• AN OFFICIAL NAMED DRACO REFORMED THE CITIES LAWS TO HELP RESOLVE CONFLICT.
• BELIEVED THAT THE ONLY WAY TO END UNREST WAS THROUGH HARSH PUNISHMENT –
REFLECTED IN HIS LAWS
• WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE HAPPENED DUE TO THE NEW HARSH LAWS? TPS
• MADE MATTERS WORSE
• 590 BC NEW RULER - SOLON REVISED THE LAWS, GETTING RID OF DRACO’S HARSHEST
LAWS.
• AIMED AT OUTLAWING DEBT SLAVERY/WANTED
TRADE.
TO REDUCE POVERTY THROUGH
• SOLON ALLOWED ALL MEN IN ATHENS TO TAKE PART IN THE ASSEMBLY
THAT GOVERNED THE CITY AND TO SERVE ON JURY'S.
• BUT OF COURSE ONLY WEALTHY MEN COULD RUN FOR/HOLD
POLITICAL OFFICE.
• SOLON’S LAW WAS THE FIRST REAL STEP TOWARD DEMOCRACY IN
ATHENS
• HOW SO???
• SAID THAT SOLON LEFT ATHENS FOR 10 YEARS AFTER CREATING HIS
LAWS – THEN RETURNED, WHY? TPS
• WANTED TO MAKE SURE HIS LAWS WORKED EVEN WITHOUT HIM IN
PLACE TO ENFORCE THEM, WHEN HE RETURNED THEY INDEED DID
WORK AS ATHENS WAS RUNNING SMOOTHLY.
• SOLON’S LAWS RELIEVED TENSIONS FOR A SHORT TIME. (FEW
DECADES)
• ONCE AGAIN CONFLICT AROSE, POLITICIAN NAME PEISISTRATUS
SEIZED THE MOMENT TO TAKE POWER.
• WAS A TYRANT A STRONGMAN WHO SEIZES POWER BY FORCE AND
CLAIMS TO RULE FOR THE GOOD OF THE PEOPLE.
• DESPITE HIS VIOLENT RISE TO POWER/WAS POPULAR.
• LOWER STATUS PEOPLE LIKED THAT HE PUSHED OUT
ARISTOCRATS/INCREASED TRADE = MORE $$$ FOR ATHENS
• PEISISTRATUS DIED, ANOTHER REFORMER CLEISTHENES TOOK OVER
• REALLY SET STAGE FOR ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY WITH HIS REFORM
• POWER OF NOBLE FAMILIES BROKEN UP BY DIVIDING ATHENS INTO 10
TRIBES BASED ON WHERE PEOPLE LIVED. TRIBES, NOT FAMILIES/SOCIAL
GROUPS THE BASIS FOR ELECTIONS. WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE????
• I.E. EACH TRIBE ELECTED 50 MEN TO SERVE ON A COUNCIL OF 500
THAT PROPOSED LAWS. EACH TRIBE ELECTED GENERALS ATHENIAN
ARMY.
• NOT COMPLETELY RUN BY ALL PEOPLE
• ONLY FREE MALES OVER 20 WHO HAD COMPLETED MILITARY TRAINING
ALLOWED TO VOTE
• ABOUT 10% OF POPULATION IN 300 BC PARTICIPATED.
• IF YOU PARTICIPATED YOU DID SO FULLY
• VOTED IN ALL ELECTIONS
• SERVE IN OFFICE IF ELECTED
• SERVE ON JURIES
• SERVE IN THE MILITARY DURING WAR
• 3 MAIN BODIES
OF
ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
• 1ST FULL ASSEMBLY INCLUDED ALL ELIGIBLE PEOPLE – MADE LAWS AND
IMPORTANT DECISIONS. MET ON HILL IN THE CITY CALLED
• CALLED THEIR ASSEMBLY ECCLESIA, MEANING “TO SUMMON FORTH”,
ECCLESIASTIC TODAY SIMILAR TO THAT (MEMBER OF CLERGY)
• ALL MEMBERS
PRESENT AT MEETING ON HILL VOTED ON EACH MEASURE
CALLED DIRECT DEMOCRACY
– ALL PEOPLE VOTE DIRECTLY ON AN ISSUE
• 2ND MAIN BODY – COUNCIL OF 500
• WROTE LAWS TO BE VOTED ON BY FULL ASSEMBLY
• 3RD MAIN BODY – COURTS
• HEARD TRIALS/SENTENCED CRIMINALS. COURTS MEMBERS CHOSEN FROM
ASSEMBLY COULD NUMBER UP TO 6,000 PEOPLE
• ARCHON ANOTHER ELECTED OFFICIAL
• SERVED AS CHIEF OF STATE IN ATHENS/HEAD OF BOTH FULL
ASSEMBLY AND COUNCIL OF 500.
• ELECTED FOR TERM OF 1 YEAR, COULD BE RE-ELECTED MANY
TIMES
COMPARE
• CREATE A CHART WITH YOUR PARTNER, USING YOUR NOTES
COMPARING OUR CURRENT DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM (OUR BRANCHES)
AND THE EQUIVALENT ATHENIAN GROUP.
• SKILLFUL POLITICIAN, GREAT SPEAKER, RESPECTED GENERAL PERICLES
WILL LEAD ATHENS THROUGH GOLDEN AGE, LL WHY DO YOU BELIEVE IT
IS CALLED THE GOLDEN AGE? WHAT WILL HAPPEN?
• THREE GOALS (1) STRENGTHEN ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY (2)
HOLD/STRENGTHEN THE EMPIRE (3) GLORIFY ATHENS
• PARTNER READ, ANALYZING MOTIVES
• NOW PAID PUBLIC OFFICIALS, PREVIOUSLY UNPAID & ONLY RICH COULD
AFFORD TO SERVE, A TRUE DIRECT DEMOCRACY, CHECK LL WHAT IS
THAT?
• EXPANDED NAVY TO HELP LEAD/DOMINATE THE DELIAN LEAGUE
• WANTED TO CREATE BEST STATUES/BUILDINGS TO GLORIFY ATHENS
• I.E. PARTHENON, CLASSIC GREEK TEMPLE STYLE FOR 200 YEARS, 23,000 SQ.
FEET. BUILT TO HONOR ATHENA GODDESS OF WISDOM AND PROTECTOR OF
ATHENS. INSIDE GOLD/IVORY STATUE OF ATHENA OVER 30 FT. TALL.
• GREEK FIGURES GRACEFUL, STRONG AND PERFECTLY FORMED. FACES SHOW
NEITHER JOY NOR ANGER, ONLY SERENITY. TRIED TO CAPTURE IDEAL HUMAN
BODY IN MOTION.
• THESE VALUES OF HARMONY, ORDER, BALANCE, & PROPORTION BECAME THE
STANDARD
CLASSICAL ART
What do these statues show?
What are they trying to represent
or teach us?
- Greek Soldier
- Discuss thrower
- Athenian competing
- Laocoon and his sons
1. How is the ancient
theater shown on this
page
to of drama, a comedy – scenes with
Wrotesimilar
two kind
theaters
have
slapstickyou
situations/crude
humor & tragedy – serious drama
seen?
is it themes such as love, hate, war, or
aboutHow
common
Performances still held
different?
betrayal. Usually contained a main here,
character
& a tragic
in a natural
valley.
2. What
hero themes
. Usuallywere
downfall was excessive
pride enlarged
– hubris from
Romans
common in ancient
12,000 to 14,000.
Greek plays?
Acoustics so good that
3. Why do you believe
words whispered on
drama played such
stage can be heard in
an important role in
the last rows.
Greek society?
Theater of Epidaurus
1. WHICH BATTLE WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT IN THE PERSIAN WAR AND WHY?
2. HOW DOES A DEMOCRACY DIFFER FROM AN OLIGARCHY?
3. WHY WERE THE SPARTAN SOLDIERS WILLING TO SACRIFICE THEMSELVES AT THERMOPYLAE?
4. HOW DOES THE CONCEPT OF HUBRIS APPLY TO GREEK DRAMA?
5. WHICH OF PERICLES’ GOALS DO YOU THINK HAD THE GREATEST IMPACT ON THE MODERN
WORLD? EXPLAIN
WRITE A SENTENCE
EXPLAINING THE FOLLOWING WORDS SIGNIFICANCE
• TRAGEDY –
• DIRECT DEMOCRACY –
• POLIS –
• PHALANX –
• ACROPOLIS –
• CLASSICAL ART -
• ATHENS GREW IN WEALTH PRESTIGE, SO DID SPARTA, BOTH LEADERS
ENCOURAGED WAR BELIEVING THEY HAD THE ADVANTAGE
• PELOPONNESIAN WAR BEGINS – WAR BETWEEN SPARTA(ARMY) &
ATHENS (NAVY). SPARTA (INLAND LOCATION) QUICKLY SWEPT INTO
ATHENS COUNTRY SIDE DESTROYED CROPS, PERICLES BROUGHT ALL
INSIDE CITY WALLS – BRINGING SUPPLIES BY SEA TO THE PORT. TPS
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH BRINING ALL WITHIN CITY WALLS.
• PLAGUE SWEEPS THROUGH CITY, ATHENIANS SENT 20,000 SOLDIERS
TO SPARTAN ALLY SYRACUSE, THEY WERE CRUSHED. DUE TO WAR
ATHENS LOST EMPIRE, POWER, WEALTH
• CONSIDERED WISEST MAN IN ATHENS
• CHARGED WITH IMPIETY (DISRESPECT FOR RELIGION AND CORRUPTING THE CITIES CHILDREN)
• FELT THAT HE WAS LEADING PEOPLE TO QUESTION THE ACTIONS OF GODS THROUGH
PHILOSOPHY.
• WHICH WAR DID THEY RECENTLY LOOSE AND HOW WOULD THAT AFFECT THEIR THINKING? TPS
• THOUGHT THEY LOST PELOPONNESIAN
DUE TO DISPLEASURE OF THE GODS.
• HISTORIANS BELIEVE INVALID CHARGES; HIS FRIENDS INVOLVED W/ A TYRANNICAL
GOV’T THAT TOOK CONTROL OF ATHENS, ARRESTED TO PUNISH THEM.
• ACCEPT DEATH WILLINGLY/CALMLY
ACCORDING TO STUDENT
• DRANK A CUP OF HEMLOCK AND DIED QUICKLY
PLATO
•
• MISSING CORNER – DO NOT LOOK AT THE PICTURE (LEAVE FACE DOWN)
• THE PURPOSE IS TO SLOW YOU DOWN AS YOU EXAMINE THIS VISUAL IMAGE,
LOOKING FOR DETAILS YOU WOULD NOT HAVE OTHERWISE NOTICED
• LAY YOUR CUT OUT SHEET OVER THE IMAGE TO OBSCURE ALL BUT ONE
QUARTER OF THE IMAGE.
• IN YOUR LEARNING LOG CREATE 4 CORNERS BY DRAWING A LINE VERTICAL
AND HORIZONTAL ON THE PAGE. WITH YOUR PARTNERS LIST ALL OF THE THINGS
YOU NOTICE IN THE VISIBLE QUARTER OF YOUR IMAGE IN THE CORRESPONDING
QUARTER OF THE FOLDED SHEET.
• DO THIS UNTIL ALL 4 QUARTERS OF THE IMAGE HAVE BEEN EXAMINED.
• BE METACOGNITIVE ABOUT YOUR VIEWING/ANSWER IN YOUR LL
1. WHAT DID YOU SEE THAT YOU THINK YOU WOULD NOT HAVE SEEN
WITHOUT THE MISSING CORNER SHEET?
2. WHICH QUARTER OF THE IMAGE IS MOST IMPORTANT, OR ARE
THEY ALL EQUAL?
3. WHY MIGHT THE CREATOR HAVE PUT THE INFORMATION IN THE
SPECIFIC QUARTER THAT HE DID?
• DESPITE SOCRATES DEATH, GREECE ESP. ATHENS WERE GREAT
BELIEVERS IN PHILOSOPHY. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? TPS
• THE SEARCH FOR WISDOM AND KNOWLEDGE, COMES FROM
GREEK WORD PHILOSOPHIA MEANS “THE LOVE OF WISDOM”
• PHILOSOPHY REACHED IT’S HEIGHT IN 400’S AND 300’S
“GOLDEN AGE OF GREEK PHILOSOPHY”
• 3 GREATEST SOCRATES, PLATO, ARISTOTLE
• LITTLE KNOWN ABOUT HIS LIFE
• ALL THAT WE DO KNOW IS THROUGH
HIS STUDENT
PLATO
• WANTED TO KNOW BROAD CONCEPTS OF
HUMAN LIFE LIKE JUSTICE, VIRTUE, TRUTH. THOUGHT
PHILOSOPHERS COULD LEARN WHAT MADE PEOPLE
GOOD AND GOOD SOCIETIES.
THAT?
HOW DO YOU DO
• STARTED WITH BASIC QUESTION “WHAT IS TRUTH?”
• YOU TELL ME WHAT IS TRUTH?
• SO WHAT .. SO WHAT..
• WHEN THEY ANSWERED HE WOULD FOLLOW UP WITH ANOTHER
QUESTION AND SO FORTH. CALLED THE……
• SOCRATIC METHOD
• SOCRATES STUDENT, MANY WRITINGS LEFT BEHIND INCLUDING TOPICS ON
NATURE OF TRUTH/GOODNESS/IDEAL FORM OF GOV’T
• MOST FAMOUS PIECE OF WORK THE REPUBLIC, ARGUES THAT A GOV’T
SHOULD BE LED BY THE PEOPLE MOST QUALIFIED TO MAKE GOOD
DECISIONS, WHICH IS???
The Republic,
• PHILOSOPHERSPartner
…..ACCORDING
ReadTO PLATO, ARGUED NO ONE ELSE
HAS THE NECESSARY SKILLS
• DID NOT SUPPORT ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY
• WANTED TO SPREAD PHILOSOPHY FORMALLY, CREATED A SCHOOL THE
ACADEMY, PHILOSOPHERS COULD TEACH STUDENTS AND HOLD DEBATES.
• THE ACADEMY BECAME THE MOST IMPORTANT SITE FOR GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS TO DO THEIR WORK.
• STUDIED AT ACADEMY, STUDIED HUMAN NATURE AND THE
WORLD AROUND HIM
• EMPHASIZED REASON & LOGIC. REASON – CLEAR AND
ORDERED THINKING.
• ARGUED PEOPLE SHOULD USE REASON TO HELP THEM
LEARN ABOUT THE WORLD BY MAKING CAREFUL
OBSERVATIONS AND THINKING RATIONALLY. THIS
INFLUENCED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN EUROPE
• WHAT DO YOU THINK????
• LOGIC – PROCESS OF MAKING INFERENCES. TAUGHT USE WHAT YOU
ALREADY KNOW TO INFER NEW FACTS.
• I.E. BIRDS HAVE FEATHERS AND LAY EGGS
• OWLS HAVE FEATHERS AND LAY EGGS
• THEREFORE, AN OWL MUST BE A TYPE OF BIRD
• COME UP WITH AN LOGICAL INFERENCE WITH YOUR TPS PARTNER.
• MOST FAMOUS HOMER’S ILIAD/ODYSSEY (EPICS) – A STORY ABOUT A GREAT
EVENT AND HERO.
• WERE GREATLY POPULAR IN GREECE. ORIGINALLY NOT WRITTEN DOWN
BUT SANG/RECITED
• BECAME THE BASIS FOR GREEK EDUCATION SYSTEM
• HAD TO MEMORIZE LONG PASSAGES
• YOUNG MEN ENCOURAGED TO EMULATE THE DEEDS OF THE HEROES
• LYRIC POETRY – CREATED BY GREEKS, NAMED AFTER LYRE INSTRUMENT
(WHERE HAVE WE SEEN THIS) DOES NOT TELL STORIES BUT DEALS WITH
EMOTIONS/DESIRES
• SAPPHO, ONE OF FEW FAMOUS WOMAN WRITERS. POEMS DEALT WITH DAILY
LIFE, MARRIAGE, LOVE, RELATIONSHIPS
• “IRIDESCENT-THRONED APHRODITE, DEATHLESS
CHILD OF ZEUS, WILE-WEAVER, I NOW IMPLORE YOU,
DON’T – I BEG YOU, LADY – WITH PAINS AND
TORMENTS CRUSH DOWN MY SPIRIT”
• SAPPHO, HYMN TO
APHRODITE
• ONE OF FEW TO WRITE THEIR OWN HISTORY
• FIRST MAJOR WRITER WAS HERODOTUS (WHERE HAVE WE HEARD HIS
NAME?)
• WROTE THE HISTORIES, DESCRIBED MAJOR EVENTS/BATTLES, SOME HE
WITNESSED HIMSELF, SOME REPORTED BY OTHERS. DEEMED
UNRELIABLE SOURCES LED TO ERRORS IN HIS HISTORY
• THUCYDIDES SECOND MAJOR HISTORIAN, LIVED DURING
PELOPONNESIAN WAR, WROTE OF WHAT WE CALL PRIMARY SOURCES,
DEFINE????? ESPECIALLY SPEECHES HE HEARD. WAS CRITICAL AND
IGNORED IRRELEVANT SOURCES.
• XENOPHON, SOLDIER/PHILOSOPHER FOUND IN PERSIA, FOCUSED ON
DESCRIBING FAMOUS MEN.