Transcript Global 9 Midterm Review PowerPoint 2016

January 2016
 Prehistory:
 Relating to, or denoting the period before written records
 Culture:
 A groups knowledge, beliefs, and customs
 Cultural Diffusion:
 The spreading of culture from one society to another
 Ethnocentrism:
 The belief that your own culture is superior to others
 Monotheism:
 Belief in one god
 Polytheism:
 Belief in many gods
 Interdependence:
 The reliance of people on goods, resources, and knowledge from
other parts of the world
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Archipelago:
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Monsoons:
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Act as barriers to both invasion & cultural diffusion
Natural Resources:
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Land surrounded by water on 3 sides; Italy, Greece, India, Spain; H2O can act as barrier to
invasion, civilizations develop good sea travel; H2O can act as barrier to cultural diffusion.
Island:
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Has many natural harbors; British Islands & N/S America
Peninsula:
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Act as barriers for civilizations; Sahara & Gobi
Irregular Coastline:
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Act as barriers for civilizations; Himalayas & Andes; Protect a culture from invasion; Preventing
cultural diffusion
Deserts:
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Seasonal winds that bring rain. The agriculture of India relied upon them.
Mountains:
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A chain of islands
Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and
can be used for economic gain.
Strait:
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A narrow strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
 Paleolithic Age:
 Also known as the Old Stone Age; prehistoric period from
about 2.5 million years ago to about 8,500 BC
 Neolithic Revolution:
 Time period in history where people began farming and
domesticating animals. It led to the rise of civilizations.
 Domesticate:
 To adapt to meet the needs of humans. During the Neolithic
Revolution. Animals were domesticated to provide food and
supplies for humans.
 Surplus:
 More than enough
 Hammurabi’s Code:
 First codified body of laws
 Fertile Crescent:
 A crescent-shaped region of good farm land created by the Tigris and Euphrates
Rivers. Location of many migrations and invasions.
 Hieroglyphics:
 Dynasty & Dynastic Cycle:
 Ruling family. The cycle that explained the rise and fall of dynasties in China. It
explains how rulers gain and lose the Mandate of Heaven.
 Mandate of Heaven:
 Divine right to rule. Chinese claimed that ruling dynasties received their power
from heaven.
 Confucius:
 Followed the Analects and the five relationships. Taught filial piety. This belief
system inspired much of Chinese culture.
 Laozi:
 Chinese philosopher traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism and author of
the Tao-te-Ching, its most sacred scripture.
 Great Wall of China (affect):
 Ashoka:
 Emperor of India; he
converted to Buddhism and
established it as the state
religion.
 Gautama:
 Buddha (enlightened one)
 Founder of Buddhism. Born
a prince in what is now
Nepal, he renounced wealth
and family to become an
ascetic, and after achieving
enlightenment while
meditating, taught all who
came to learn from him.
 Gupta Contributions:
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Decimal system
Number zero
Sanskrit language
Plastic surgery
Vaccinations
Stupas
Promoted Hinduism
 Maurya Contributions:
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New wells
Road system & rest houses
Harbors
Hospitals
Gov’t bureaucracy
Promotion of Buddhism
 Moses:
 Hebrew prophet and lawgiver. According to the biblical
account, he was born in Egypt and led the Israelites
across the desert toward the Promised Land. During the
journey he was inspired by God on Mount Sinai to write
down the Ten Commandments on tablets of stone.
 Jesus of Nazareth:
 The central figure of the Christian religion. Jesus
conducted a mission of preaching and healing (with
reported miracles) in Palestine in about ad 28–30, which
is described in the Gospels. His followers considered
him to be the Christ or Messiah and the Son of God, and
belief in his resurrection from the dead is the central
tenet of Christianity.
 Direct Democracy:
 System of gov’t that began in Greece. Land-holding men had a direct say in decisions of
the gov’t
 Socratic Method:
 Named after the classical Greek philosopher Socrates, is a form of inquiry and discussion
between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical
thinking and to illuminate ideas.
 Alexander the Great:
 King of Macedon 336–323; son of Philip II; conquered Persia, Egypt, Mesopotamia; he
founded the city of Alexandria in Egypt; known for Hellenistic Culture.
 Hellenistic Culture:
 Culture developed by Alexander the Great when he combined Greek, Persian, Indian, and
Egyptian ideas/cultures.
 Pericles:
 Athenian statesman and general; champion of Athenian democracy; masterminded
Athenian strategy in the Peloponnesian War. He commissioned the building of the
Parthenon in 447 and presided over the golden age of Athens.
 Two major city states:
 Athens (Democracy) & Sparta (Military)
 Example of Greek architecture:
 Parthenon
 Twelve Tables:
 Roman code of laws that inspired many laws used today. Seen as one of the greatest
contributions of the Romans.
 Pax Romana:
 A 200 year period of peace and prosperity in Rome.
 Julius Caesar:
 Roman general and statesman; established the First Triumvirate; became dictator of
the Roman Empire; murdered on the Ides (15th) of March in a conspiracy led by
Brutus and Cassius.
 Augustus Caesar (Octavian):
 Adopted by his uncle Julius Caesar; gained supreme power by his defeat of Antony;
was given the title Augustus (“venerable”) and became in effect emperor.
 Fall of the Roman Empire:
 Political- military too involved in politics; civil war; moving the capital
 Social- lack of patriotism; disparity between rich & poor; citizens not happy with
empire
 Economic- bad harvests; inflation; gap between rich & poor; gap between Western
Empire & Eastern Empire
 Military- threats from invaders; low funds for defense; problems recruiting soldiers
(mercenaries); lack of patriotism
 Invasions by Germanic tribes & the capture and looting of Rome
 Mecca:
 Holy city of Islam that Muslims are expected to take a Hajj to.
 Gautama:
 Founder of Buddhism; Buddha-”enlightened one”
 Karma:
 Material actions resulting from the consequences of previous
actions
 Reincarnation:
 A cycle of rebirth that is followed by both Hindus and Buddhists (in
differing ways)
 Desires=Suffering:
 Four Noble Truths- life is full of pain and suffering; human desire
causes this suffering; by putting an end to desires humans can end
suffering; humans can end desire by following the Eightfold Path
 Torah:
 Holy book of Judaism
 Kami:
 The spirits that inhabit every mountain, river, plant, animal and all
the diverse phenomena of heaven and earth
 Ancestor Worship:
 Reverence paid to ancestors
 Caste System:
 Rigid social class system in India associated with Hinduism. There
is no way out of a caste unless you are reincarnated.
 “the way”:
 Philosophy which teaches that nature has a “way” in which it
moves, and that people should passively accept the “way” of nature
rather than resist it.
 Dharma:
 Fulfilling one’s duty in life
 Ten Commandments:
 The laws that all Hebrews and Christians follow
 5 Relationships:
 Natural social order as taught by Confucius- Ruler to ruled; Father
to son; Older brother to younger brother; Husband to wife; Friend
to friend (only relationship where there is equality)
 Bible:
 The Christian scriptures, consisting of the 66 books of the Old and
New Testaments.
 Filial Piety:
 Respect for parents/elders
 Koran:
 Holy book of Islam
 Five Pillars:
 Basic teachings of Islam- Confession of faith; Prayer 5 times/day;
Charity; Fasting; Pilgrimage to Mecca
 Allah:
 The name of God among Muslims
Judaism
•Torah
•Ten Commandments
Christianity
•Ten Commandments
•Bible
Islam
•Mecca
•Koran
•Allah
•Five Pillars
Shinto
Animism
•Ancestor worship
Buddhism
•Gautama
•Desires=suffering
•Reincarnation
Taoism
•“the way”
Confucianism
•5 Relationships
•Filial Piety
Hinduism
•Caste system
•Karma
•Dharma
•Reincarnation
•Kami
 Nile River
 Athens
 Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
 Gobi Desert
 Ganges River
 Bay of Bengal
 Mediterranean Sea
 Carthage
 Yellow River
 Alexandria
 Rome
 Red Sea
 Jerusalem
 Indus River
Study your people…
Turning points…
 What individuals have
 Be sure to review your
changed history?
 Hammurabi
 Confucius
 Alexander the Great
 Pericles
 Julius Caesar
 Shi Huangdi
 Socrates
information about the
Neolithic Revolution.