Transcript Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece
Grade 6 Social Studies
Why We Remember
• Ancient Greece is the birthplace of Western
Civilization.
• Greek civilization made great advances in art
and science.
• Greeks believed in the freedom and worth of
each citizen.
• This became the basis for DEMOCRACY.
Geography of Greece
• Greece is a peninsula, which means that it is
surrounded on three sides by water. Greece
has a lot of smaller peninsulas sticking out
from it, which means Greece enjoys many
natural harbors.
•Greece is also covered with
mountains. They are not huge
mountains but if you are trying to
go from place to place in Greece,
you'll find the mountains a bit of a
hindrance.
•What do you think hindrance
means?
•Three thousand years ago, it was very difficult
to get from place to place in ancient Greece by
walking. But it was easy to get from place to
place in Greece by boat.
•In the ancient world that grew up around the
Mediterranean Sea, the Greeks became known
as great sailors. They sailed about the
Mediterranean, setting up colonies and outposts
where they could.
How did the mountains
affect the Greek way of
life?
River View: There are not large many rivers
in Greece that flooded like in Egypt.
The Mediterranean Sea, the Ionian Sea and
the Aegean Sea had a big effect on the
Grecian economy and way of life.
•Fishermen
•Sailors
•Traders
Greece had rich soil for farming.
They raised grapes, cotton, olives, vegetables and fruits
and grains.
The climate was good for farming and fishing.
Food was plentiful and was easily traded for other
goods with other nations.
Agora: an
outdoor area
with markets
and public
buildings. It
was the
center of a
community.
What influences would a warm climate have on a
community?
Two Early Greek Civilizations
The Minoan civilization that
arose on the island of Crete,
flourished from
approximately the 27th
century BC to the 15th
century BC.[
The Mycenae city-state
developed on the Greek
mainland and became the
center of civilization in the
Mediterranean in about
1400 B.C.
It was named for King Minos.
Fresco painting:
painting on fresh
plaster while it is
still wet.
Timeline:
•3000 BC Minoan civilization arose on
the Isle of Crete
•1600 BC Minoan civilization reached
its height
•1400 BC City of Mycenae grew
powerful on the mainland
Main idea:
The physical geography of Greece was a
strong influence on Greek civilization.
Greece had only
a few rivers that
overflowed their
banks during the
spring. Plains
had good soil for
farming.
Greece was
surrounded
by seas on
three sides.
Good for
fishing and
trading.
details
Northern
Greece was very
mountainous.
There was not
much fertile soil
in the
mountains, but
it was good for
raising sheep.
Greek City-States (Sec. 2)
Traditional stories that may include gods and
goddesses and often explain events in nature.
Stories about heroes and their great deeds.
Trojan War
Fought between the people of Troy
(Asia Minor) and the Greeks.
The Trojan Horse is a tale from the
Trojan War about the strategy that
allowed the Greeks finally to enter
the city of Troy and end the
conflict. The Greeks constructed a
huge wooden horse, and hid a
select force of soldiers inside. The
Greeks pretended to sail away, and
the Trojans pulled the horse into
their city as a victory trophy. That
night the Greek force crept out of
the horse and opened the gates for
the rest of the Greek army, which
had sailed back under cover of
night. The Greeks entered and
destroyed the city of Troy, winning
the war.
The main ancient source for the
story is the Aeneid of Virgil.
The Gods of Mt. Olympus
The Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses, who were immortal.
They lived on Mt. Olympus.
The myths helped explain the forces of nature.
Zeus: king of
all gods
Hera: wife
and sister of
Zeus
Ares: god of
war
Athena:
goddess of
wisdom
Apollo: god of
truth, intelligence,
poetry and music
Aphrodite: goddess
of love and beauty
Poseidon: god of the sea
Hermes: god of
good luck and
wealth
Artemis:
goddess of the
hunt, the
moon,
expectant
mothers and
their young
To honor their gods, every four years,
the Greeks held games of sport and
strength.
These contests were held in the city of
Olympia.
Boxing, wrestling, running races and
other games were held.
Athletes came from all over Greece to
compete.
Our modern Olympic games are based
on these original games.
Brain Pop
Democracy Begins in Greece
Word Power:
Aristos: The BEST
Demos: The PEOPLE
Aristocracy is a form of
government where a king or
wealthy family rules.
Democracy is a form of
government where the people
or citizens govern.
Democracy in Ancient Greece had a different
meaning than it does today. Women, slaves and
workers born outside of Athens were not considered
citizens!
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Rival City-States: Athens and Sparta
Athens:
Sparta:
•Governed by all
citizens over 18 years
old called the
Assembly
•When it got too big,
lots were chosen for
500 citizens to serve
•Citizens were
expected to defend the
city-state, and serve on
juries.
•Ruled by the military
•Very strict
•Boys trained from 7
yrs. old to be soldiers
•Invaded other citystates , taking people
as slaves.
•Only healthy infants
were allowed to live.
Brain Pop:
Athens
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Pericles
Pericles wanted to beautify Athens .
He wanted to use the money that
was set aside to defend Athens .
He began the building of the
Parthenon.
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The Golden Age of Athens
Marathon:
•A plain in Greece
northeast of
Athens.
•A race of about
26 miles.
•The longest
Olympic race.
After the defeat of the
Persian Army by the
armies of Athens and
Sparta, a warrior
named Pheidippides
ran from Marathon to
Athens with the news
of the victory!
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The Greek Philosophers
Socrates: tried to
teach people to think by
asking them questions.
Each question was
designed to take a
person step-by-step to a
final conclusion.
p.262
The Greek Philosophers
Plato:
He did not believe that
democracy was the best kind of
government. He thought that a
small group of wise men should
run the government.
He also believed that if humans
applied reason, they could create a
powerful world.
He was a student of Socrates.
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The Greek Philosophers
Aristotle: He wrote 170
books on astronomy,
physics, politics, art, and
other subjects.
He formed a school in
Athens for the study of all
subjects. The school
became a model for
modern universities.
He was a student of Plato.
p.262
The Greeks Fight Against Each Other
Athens became the most powerful city-state.
After they defeated Persia, they formed an
alliance called the Delian League. But not all
city-states were happy with the alliance.
Sparta became the strongest opponent of
Athens.
In 431 BC a war broke out.
p.263
The Peloponnesian War broke out.
Sparta was better at land warfare, Athens was better
at fighting on the seas.
Sparta tried to cut off food supplies, but Athens was
able to get supplies by ship!
Then a plague broke out and killed many Athenians,
including Pericles.
The governments became unstable and in 404 BC
Athens surrendered.
p.263
Timeline
490 BC Greeks defeated the much larger
Persian army at Marathon.
480 BC Athens fleet destroyed Persian fleet at
Salamis, ending the Persian threat.
404 BC Sparta defeated Athens in the
Peloponnesian War.
Athens entered the Golden Age
Athenian artists
created beautiful
statues and
monuments.
ART
Athenian
philosophers
extended
human
knowledge..
PHILOSOPHY
Greek
physicians
studied the
causes of
illnesses.
SCIENCE
ALEXANDER the GREAT
Facts about Alexander:
•Son of King Phillip II of Macedonia.
•He studied in Athens under Aristotle.
•Was 20 years old when he became the ruler.
•334 BC invaded the Persian empire.
•Was a strong and fearless leader.
•He conquered Syria and Phoenicia.
•332 BC he invaded Egypt and was crowned Pharaoh.
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Hellenistic Age
In 331 BC Alexander had to fight the Persians again. He
defeated them again!
Alexander moved eastward and conquered other lands,
including western India, Africa and Asia.
He died when he was 33 yrs. Old. He reigned for about
13 years.
He spread Greek ideas to these conquered lands and
brought Asian ideas back to Greece.
This time period in Greece’s history is known as the
Hellenistic Age.
Alexandria
Alexandria, Egypt, a city founded by Alexander,
became the center of learning.
It had a great harbor for trading, and had the
greatest library in the world at that time.
The first known lighthouse was in the harbor
at Alexandria.
Discovery and Invention
Hippocrates:
Archimedes:
•Doctor
•Looked for causes
of diseases
•Father of medicine
•Stressed good
health and lifestyle
•Hippocratic Oath
•Inventor
•Used pulleys to
move loads
•Used a screw to
carry water uphill
•Mathematician
Discovery and Invention
Pythagoras:
•Mathematician
•Theories about
numbers
•Theories about
music
Euclid:
•Mathematician
•Theories about
plane geometry
•Still studied
today
Greek Columns and Capitals
The ancient Greeks invented three types of columns.
The Doric style is
the most plain.
The Ionic
design is
famous for its
scrolls.
The Corinthian
style is quite
fancy.