Transcript File

Chapter 11 Section 2
Classical Greece and Rome
Polis
• A city-state or independent
communities, composed of
villages and surrounding
farmland.
Polis
• Greek root word for “politics”
• These Polis made up Greece.
Aristocracy
• Government run by the nobility, or
group of powerful landowners.
• The nobility ruled the city-states
of Greece.
Democracy
• Government ruled by the
people, citizens play an
active role.
• Developed around 700
B.C., coming from the
Greek words demo
(people) and kratos (rule).
Athens
• The most famous city-state of
ancient Greece.
• By 450 B.C. about 225,000
people lived in Athens.
Athens
• Athens was a great seafaring
power, it became rich with trade.
• Athens had a strong democracy.
Sparta
• Was more inland and
did not have a sea for
trade.
• By 600 B.C. it had
conquered and
enslaved all the people
around it.
Sparta
• The military and fighting was
very important to Spartan
culture.
• At age seven boys were sent
to camps to learn how to
fight.
• Sparta did not have a
democracy and was ruled by
nobility.
Greek Wars
• Darius, the ruler of Persia,
decided to invade Greece in 490
B.C.
• Greek soldiers defeated Darius
and the Persians at Marathon.
Greek Wars
• Ten years later, Darius’s son
Xerxes, again attempted to
conquer Greece
300
• Battle of Thermopylae thər-MOP-i-lee
• Occurred in August or September 480 B.C.
• A group of 300 Spartans held against the
Persian forces of Xerxes that number by
ancient accounts in the millions for 7 days.
Greek Wars
• Athens and Sparta
joined together to defeat
the Persians at the sea
battle of Salamis.
Peloponnesian Wars
• By 431 B.C., fearing the
growing power of Athens,
Sparta launched a series
of attacks against the city.
• 404 B.C. Athens
surrendered to Sparta and
the age of Greek
Democracy died.
Phillip II
• He attacked the Greek city-states
and crushed their combined
forces at the Battle of Chaeronea
(kehr uh NEE uh) in 338 B.C.
Phillip II
• 336 B.C. he is murdered.
Alexander the Great
• He was barely 20 years old when his
father Phillip II is murdered.
• Alexander becomes king and goes
on an 11 year conquest of Asia
Alexander the Great
• Alexander leads a
combined
Macedonian and
Greek force of over
35,000 across Asia.
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Alexander’s End
• In 326 B.C.
Alexander and his
army reached India.
• His troops had
fought enough and
they refused to
continue
Alexander’s End
• Alexander died of fever in 323
B.C. during the return to
Macedonia. He was 32 years old.
Rome’s Location
• The city of Rome
located on the
Tiber River gave it
access inland as
well as to the sea.
Rome
Rome’s Cultural Origins
• Rome first settled around
750 B.C.
Roman Government
• In 509 B.C. the Romans
established a republic.
Republic
• A nation in which power is with
the citizens.
• It was not a true democracy, it
was run by representatives
elected by Roman noblemen.
Roman Society
• Society was divided into three
different classes:
Patricians (puh TRIH shuhns)
• The highest class made up of the
wealthy.
• Claimed they could trace their
roots to the founding of Rome.
Plebeians (plih BEE uhns)
• The middle class, ordinary
working citizens.
• They had the right to vote but
could not hold office.
Enslaved Romans
• At the bottom of society, they had
no rights at all
Rome Ever Expanding
• By 146 B.C., Rome controlled all
of the land around the
Mediterranean Sea.
Julius Caesar
• Famous Roman
general who took
control of Gaul (present
day France), parts of
present day England,
and Germany.
• He then made himself
its dictator.
Julius Caesar
• The Roman Republic collapsed
and Caesar was appointed
dictator of all of Rome.
Dictator
• a leader who rules a country with
absolute power, usually by force.
Caesar’s End
• Caesar was popular with many
but upset many partricians.
• March 15, 44 B.C. several
senators stabbed Caesar to death
outside the senate building.
Caesar’s End
• Caesar’s great nephew, Ocatvian
became Rome’s new dictator
• Later changed his name to
Caesar Augustus
Rome’s Technological
innovations
• One of Rome’s primary strengths
were their technological
breakthroughs and
accomplishments.
Roman Roads
• The Romans developed a system
of making concrete out of a mix of
lime and volcanic ash.
Roman Roads
• The roads primary purpose was
to allow Rome’s armies to move
quickly but they also carried
goods and ideas along their
paths.
Roman Roads
Aqueducts
• A series of tunnels and bridges
that transported water to Roman
cities.
Aqueducts
• The aqueducts allowed Romans
to settle areas that otherwise
could not be settled due to the
distance from a water source.
Aqueducts
Fall of the Roman Empire
• In the third century A.D. the
Roman Empire was split in two.
• With Rome being the seat of
power in the west and
Constantinople in the east
Fall of the Roman Empire
• In 476 A.D the western empire fell
to invaders from present day
Germany
• The eastern empire, or Byzantium
Empire, lasted another 1,000
years.