Transcript Chapter 12 The Roman Empire 50

Chapter 12
The Roman Empire
50-BC to AD 150
Cicero
• Cicero, a gifted
philosopher and
orator, wanted to
make Rome a
better place. He
wanted the
Romans to give the
power to the
Senate.
Julius Caesar
• Pompey was a very
powerful man in
Rome. He was also a
very good friend of
Caesar.
• He worked to fight
against the Senate.
He and Caesar would
change the course of
history.
• He would eventually
work against Caesar,
trying to take his
power away from him.
Pompey
Julius Caesar
100-44 BC
• Caesar was probably the
greatest general in
history. As a general he
was becoming a very
powerful figure in Rome.
Worried that he was
becoming too powerful,
the Senate ordered him
back to Rome to arrest
him and take away his
command.
• Caesar, knowing that this
would be considered an
act of war, in defiance, he
marched his troops back
to Rome.
Caesar Becomes Dictator
• Caesar seized power
from the Senate and
became dictator of
the entire Roman
Empire.
The Death Of Caesar
• A group of senators under the leadership of
Brutus, a young senator and Caesar’s friend,
murdered Caesar on, March 15th, also known as
the Ides of March, 44 BC.
Marcus Junius Brutus Caepio
•
•
•
•
85-42 BC
Young senator
Friend of Caesar
Leader of the group of
Senators who
murdered Caesar.
• Later committed
suicide
Marc Antony (Marcus Antonius)
• 83-30 BC
• Assistant to Caesar
• Helped to punish
those who murdered
Caesar
• Married Cleopatra
• Battled Octavian for
power and lost.
• Committed suicide so
he wouldn’t be taken
prisoner.
Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar
(Octavian) 63 BC-14 AD
• Octavian, later called
Augustus, was Caesar’s
adopted son, because
Caesar only had a
daughter, named Julia.
He, along with Marc
Antony, worked to punish
the people who had killed
Caesar. He eventually
became Emperor of the
Roman empire.
• As a leader, he was
considered one of
Rome’s best.
Cleopatra
• 69-30 BC
• Queen of Egypt
• “Queen”of Julius
Caesar
• Married Marc Antony
• Her bid to rule Rome
with Marc Antony was
defeated by Octavian.
• Committed suicide
The Vast Roman Empire
Hadrian (Publius Hadrianus)
76-138 AD
Joined the army when
he was 14 years old.
Great military leader.
Was considered a good
Emperor.
Built Hadrian’s wall in
Great Britain.
Hadrian’s Wall
Hadrian’s Wall Present Day
Hadrian’s Wall
Hadrian’s Wall
Roman Trade Routes
• First 200 years of
the Roman Empire
were a time of
general peace and
prosperity.
• There was a stable
government, an
organized military,
and no major wars
or rebellions.
• It lasted until about
AD 180.
Pax Romana
Pompeii destroyed in 79 AD
Beautiful temples
Chariot races
were held
here
Palatine Hill
Then
Chariot Race
Palatine Hill
Now
Villas
Roman Roads
Galen
Roman Road in Great Britain
• Roman roads were built primarily for Rome’s
military legions to travel throughout the empire.
Roman Road Construction
Roman Road Construction
More Roman Roads
Cement
• The Romans invented cement, a product that
allowed their structures to last for centuries.
Roman Arches
A Roman aqueduct
Roman Arch Construction
Vaults
• A vault is a set of
arches that
supports the roof
of a building.
• The Romans used
vaults to create a
huge, open area
within buildings.
The Colosseum
The Colosseum Today
Gladiators fought in the Colosseum
Roman Dome
Present
Pantheon
Past
Present
Virgil… Wrote a great epic poem
about the founding of Rome
Ovid…Wrote poems about
Roman Mythology
Roman Theater
An ancient Roman
theater in France
still used today
Romance languages developed from Latin and influence
how people speak and write today. Modern languages are
based on the Roman language
France
Spain
Romania
Portugal
And of course, Italy
Roman law inspired a system called civil
law. Civil law is a legal system based on
a written code of law.