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U4LG1 – Medieval Europe
Unit 4 Learning Goal 1: Explain how Roman
Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy were unifying
social and political forces in Western Europe and
Byzantine Europe and identify the impact of ideas
contained in Justinian’s Code of Laws. (TEKS/SE’s
1C,4A,4B,20B)
 Byzantine
Empire
 Orthodox, Roman Catholic
 Justinian Code
Essential Questions:
1.
What was the impact of the fall of Rome on Western Europe?
2.
How was the development of Christianity a unifying social and
political factor in medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire?
3.
What are the characteristics of Roman Catholicism and Eastern
Orthodoxy in Post Classical Europe?
4.
What was the impact of political and legal ideas contained in
the following documents? Justinian’s Code of Laws, Magna
Carta
5.
How did religion influence the formation of Medieval Europe?
Spread of Christianity
(review)
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Causes
Adopted as official religion of the Roman Empire in 312AD by the Edict of Milan
Pax Romana offered peaceful period for Christian missionaries to travel throughout the Roman
Empire
Missionaries were able to speak to large crowds in the urban areas of the Roman Empire where
Greek was commonly spoken
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Christianity offered more personal relationship with God than mythology, was attractive to all classes,
argued for equality of believers
Pagan traditions were incorporated into Christian traditions aiding in cultural unification of Europe
Germanic tribes converted to Christianity and spread the religion in areas of northern Europe when they
conquered
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Effects
Christianity served to cultural unify a politically and linguistically decentralized Europe
Roman Catholic Church became a powerful political force and amassed wealth in landholdings
Christian monks preserved classical and Biblical works and were scribes of the period
Cathedrals were built throughout Europe and still stand as testament to the power of the Roman
Catholic Church
Christianity was the only institution to survive the fall of Rome and served to unite Germanic tribes after
Clovis’ conversion
Christianity after Rome
 Christianity
culturally united Europe
 Christian Church became a powerful
social, political and cultural force
 The collapse of Roman rule left a large
political and economic vacuum in
western Europe and decentralized rule
followed
Christianity after Rome (cont)
 Populations
fell vulnerable to invading
groups without the protection of the
Roman army
 Trade stagnated, cultural backwardness
and lack of scientific growth
 A new era for the Christian Church
emerged as church leaders filled the
political void
Christianity as a Unifying Force
in Medieval Europe
 Conversion
of Frankish kingdoms to
Christianity (Clovis) led to a mass
conversion of the people and support
from the Roman Catholic Church
 Crowning of Charlemagne Holy Roman
Emperor and organization of Germanic
Christian parishes led priests by further
strengthened Catholic Church’s political
power
Christianity as a Unifying Force
in Medieval Europe (cont)
 Expansion
of monasteries and convents
provide educational communities
 Strong belief in the sacraments made the
Church a focal point for social gatherings
 Use of Latin in religious setting created
some linguistic unity
Christianity as a Unifying Force
in Byzantine Empire
 Eastern
Orthodox Christian Church was
headed by the Byzantine Patriarch, so
religious and political unity was structural
 Use
of Greek created linguistic unification
Roman Catholicism
 Roman
Catholic Church hierarchy based on Roman
imperial structure with Pope as the head of the
Church
 Popes appointed some bishops, regulated doctrine,
and sponsored missionary activity
 Monasteries had both spiritual and secular
functions. Monks served as examples of holy life,
improved cultivation techniques, stressed
productive work, and preserved the heritage of
Greco-Roman culture
Roman Catholicism (Cont)
 Rome
was established as the capital of
the Roman Catholic Church
 Latin was the language used in Catholic
mass
 Priests could not marry and vowed life of
celibacy
Identify
How did religion influence the formation of Medieval Europe?
 Christianity
was the lone institution to
survive the fall of the Roman Empire.
When Frankish kings converted to
Christianity and turned to the Pope as
their protector, Christianity unified
Medieval Europe culturally and the Pope
gained great political influence.
Eastern Orthodoxy
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Eastern Orthodox Church was led by the
Patriarch (archbishop of Constantinople) who
was appointed by the Byzantine Emperor,
effectively making the Emperor the head of
the state and the church resulting in political
centralization
Developed a monastic tradition with monks
and nuns forming religious communities
Constantinople became the capital of the
Byzantine Empire and the Eastern Orthodox
Church
Priests could marry and were generally
unshaven
Local languages could be used in church
services
Justinian’s Code of Laws
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Justinian as emperor in eastern Rome tried to
unify the Roman Empire between 527 and 565
A.D. He composed the most famous list of
Roman laws. His code reduced confusion
over laws and provided organization within
the Empire. Called the Body of Civil Laws, the
code was the clearest and most
comprehensive which existed up to that time.
It spread Roman legal principles beyond the
Empire