Transcript Listeria - WordPress.com

Prevention of A Deadly Public
Health Problem
Tayo Wright-Hentz
Environmental Health
January 17, 2010
Photo Source: http://koolielu.edu.ee/kajarahu/veeb/mikroobsed_toiduhaigused/images/Listeria%20monocytogenes.jpg
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Audience
General- Any one who
consumes food.
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Stakeholders
Restaurant
Owners/
Managers
Public Health
Officials
Dietary Managers
Farmers
Meat processors
Food Handlers
Photo Source:
http://koolielu.edu.ee/kajarahu/veeb/
mikroobsed_toiduhaigused/images/List
eria%20monocytogenes.jpg
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The Origin of Listeria (Listeriosis).
The definition of Listeria (Listeriosis).
The incidence of Listeria (Listeriosis) and at
risk people.
The signs/symptoms that indicate Listeriosis.
The food that have the potential to carry
Listeria.
How to prevent, detect and cure Listeriosis.
Know the agencies that test for Listeria.
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Listeria and listeriosis were named in honor of Dr.
Joseph Lister (1827‐1912)the English surgeon who
introduced the principals of antisepsis to standard
surgical procedures and, thus, greatly reduced
postoperative deaths. His principals of antiseptic
surgery are practiced worldwide to this day.
Before Lister, a patient was as likely to die from
post‐op infection as from whatever the surgery
was meant to remedy in the first place.
Source: Wiedmann, Martin, Food borne illness information center, www.unisci.com.
Photo Source: http://www.pbchd.com/pdfs/prevention_pointers/listeriosis.pdf
LISTERIA IS A BACTERIAL GENUS CONTAINING 6 SPECIES; TWO
BEING PATHOGENIC AND FOUR NON PATHOGENIC NAMED:
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Non Pathogenic
Listeria grayi- non pathogenic
bacterium found in the feces of
chinchillas.
Listeria Innocua – non pathogenic
bacterium widely found in the
enviroment (like in soil) and other
food sources.
Listeria Seeligeri- a nonpathogenic bacterium, only
resembles other Listeria bacteria
and has different qualities than
others.
Listeria Welshimeri- non
pathogenic bacterium found in
decaying plants, water, and dust.
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Pathogenic
Listeria Ivanovii- A
pathogenic bacterium of
ruminants this species can
infect mice, rarely the cause of
human disease.
Listeria Monocytogenespathogenic bacterium found
everywhere soil, stream water,
sewage, plants and food. This
species is responsible for
Listeriosis, a rare but lethal
food borne infection.
Sources : Centers for Disease Control , www.cdc.gov
Photo Source: http://www.oxoid.com/bluePress/UK/EN/images/PR026906.jpg
http://koolielu.edu.ee/kajarahu/veeb/mikroobsed_toiduhaigused/images/Listeria%20monocytogenes.jpg
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Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by
eating food contaminated with the bacterium
Listeria Monocytogenes such as vegetables,
meats, and unpasteurized dairy products.
Listeriosis has recently been recognized as an
important public health problem in the U.S.
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Source: www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listerosis. Photo:
http://images.quickblogcast.com/84869-74217/eggo.jpg, http://www.aboutlawsuits.com/wpcontent/uploads/milk-cheese-eggs-220.jpg
This disease primarily affects:
 The elderly
 Pregnant Women- One third of cases
happen in pregnancy
 Newborns- Suffer serious effects of
infection in pregnancy
 Persons with weakened immune
systems- People with AIDS, cancer,
diabetes, kidney disease and who take
glucocorticosteriod medications.
People without these risk factors can be
rarely affected.
Source: www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listerosis. Photo source:
http://brucefong.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hispanic-pregnant-woman.jpg, http://brucefong.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hispanicpregnant-woman.jpg, http://www.voagno.org/Portals/20/elderly%20ladies.jpg
Some symptoms of Listeriosis include:
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Fever
Muscle Aches
Gastrointestinal Problems: Nausea & Diarrhea
If Listeriosis spreads to the nervous system,
it can cause:
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Headache
Confusion
Loss of Balance
If left untreated, Listeriosis can cause:
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Meningitis- Meningitis is an inflammation of
the membranes that cover the brain and spinal
cord.
Sepsis- Sepsis is a severe illness in which the
bloodstream is overwhelmed by bacteria.
Death
Source: www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listerosis.
Photo Source: http://www.topnews.in/health/files/immune-system.jpg
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In the U.S., an
estimated 2500
persons become
seriously ill with
Listeriosis; of these 500
die!
Listeriosis causes
death in 20% of people
who contract it.
Listeriosis has a
mortality rate of 25%
in comparison with
Salmonella mortality
rate of 1%.
Source: www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listerosis. Photo Source:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/figures/m553a1f29.gif
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IS FOUND IN SOIL AND WATER.
Fruits and Vegetables
 Can become
contaminated by the
soil.
 Can become
contaminated by the
manure used to fertilize
the soil.
Animals
 Can carry the bacterium
without appearing ill.
 Can contaminate foods
of animal origin such as
meats and dairy
products.
Source: M.S. Chae & H. Schraft , 2000, Comparative evaluation of adhesion and biofilm formation of
different Listeria monocytogenes strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 62:103-111.
www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listerosis.
THE BACTERIUM IS FOUND IN
A VARIETY OF RAW FOODS :
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Uncooked/
Undercooked Meats
Uncooked Vegetables
Unpasteurized milk
Products made from
unpasteurized milk.
THE BACTERIUM HAS ALSO BEEN
FOUND IN PROCESSED FOODS:
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Soft cheeses
Cold cut meats
Ready to eat hot dogs
Source:
www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%
3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbm
d/disease_listing/listerosis. Photo
Source: http://visual.merriamwebster.com/images/foodkitchen/food/dairy-products/softcheeses.jpg
For Healthy People:
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Effectively sanitize all food contact surfaces.
Keep refrigerated foods under four degrees Celsius.
Thoroughly cook all meats
Wash all raw fruits & vegetables
Keep meats separate from vegetables and from cooked
ready to eat foods
Avoid unpasteurized dairy foods
Wash knives, hand, and cutting boards after handling
uncooked foods
Consume perishable and ready to eat foods as soon as
possible.
Source: Department of Health and Human Services, Listeria Facts; Surface cleaning
For People at Risk ( In Addition to previous recommendations):
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Do not eat hot dogs, lunch meats, and or deli
meats unless they are steaming hot.
Avoid getting any juices from packaged meat
containers on other foods, utensils, surfaces,
and hands.
Do not eat refrigerated meat spreads.
Do not eat smoked seafood.
Do not eat soft cheeses.
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Source: Department of Health and Human Services ,
www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/dise
ase_listing/listerosis.
Intralytix- A pesticide like spray that kills all
six species of Listeria; but, it is still in testing
phases.
 The EBI Food Safety has created a similar
product called LISTEX P100.
Both of these treatments are similar in that they
use bacteriophages to kill Listeria.
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Source: Food and Drug Administration, The Bad Bug Handbook 2005
www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http%3A//www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/listerosis.
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Most healthy people do not contract Listeriosis
even after eating contaminated foods.
Even if in a high risk group, there is no risk
unless you develop a high fever or serious
illness after consuming contaminated foods. If
these symptoms develop, please contact your
physician.
A blood or spinal fluid test are the only ways to
test for Listeriosis.
Source: FDA, The Bad Bug Book, 2005
Prevention is first defense in protection against Listeriosis;
however, there Antibiotics that
fight the Bacteria like:
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Ampicillin
Vancomycin
Ciprofloxacin
Linezoild
Azithromycin
Source: Center for Disease Control
Photo source :
http://www.azithrocine.com/imag
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The Food and Drug Administration
The CDC
The U.S. Department of Agriculture
The Coordinating Center for Infectious
Diseases (CCID)- a division of the CDC.
Photo Source: FDA.gov, CDC.gov, and USDA.gov
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What is Listeria (listeriosis) ?
Who is most at risk for Listeriosis?
What the symptoms of Listeriosis are?
How it can be prevented?
How it can be detected?
How it can be treated?
Can listeriosis be cured?
What the government is doing to aid in the
fight against this deadly food borne illness?
For more reading:
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Disease Listing: Listeriosis General Information. Centers for Disease Control
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"More About Listeria". University of Florida Medical School. http://www.med.ufl.edu/biochem/DLPURICH/morelist.html.
Retrieved 2007-03-07.
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"Today's Online Textbook of Bacteriology". Listeria monocytogenes and Listeriosis. Kenneth Todar University of WisconsinMadison Department of Biology. 2003. http://textbookofbacteriology.net/Listeria.html. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
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"Statistics about Salmonella food poisoning". WrongDiagnosis.com. 27 February 2007.
http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/s/salmonella_food_poisoning/stats.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
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Tinley, L.G. et al. (1989). "Actin Filaments and the Growth, Movement, and Spread of the Intracellular Bacterial Parasite, Listeria
monocytogenes". The Journal of Cell Biology 109 (4 Pt 1): 1597–1608. doi:10.1083/jcb.109.4.1597. PMID 2507553. PMC 2115783.
http://www.jcb.org/cgi/reprint/109/4/1597.
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"Listeria". MicrobeWiki.Kenyon.edu. 16 August 2006. doi:..
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Listeria&oldid=5472. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
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Laine RO, Phaneuf KL, Cunningham CC, Kwiatkowski D, Azuma T, Southwick FS (1 August 1998). "Gelsolin, a protein that
caps the barbed ends and severs actin filaments, enhances the actin-based motility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells".
Infect. Immun. 66 (8): 3775–82. PMID 9673261. PMC 108414. http://iai.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9673261.
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Galbraith CG, Yamada KM, Galbraith JA (February 2007). "Polymerizing actin fibers position integrins primed to probe for
adhesion sites". Science 315 (5814): 992–5. doi:10.1126/science.1137904. PMID 17303755.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17303755.
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Center for Science in the Public Interest - Nutrition Action Healthletter - Food Safety Guide - Meet the Bugs
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"Maple Leaf Foods assessing Listeria-killing chemical". ctv.ca (ctvglobemedia). 2008-10-12.
http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20081012/maple_leaf_foods_081012/20081012?hub=Health.
Retrieved 2008-10-15.
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Greenemeier L (May 21, 2008). "Recruiting a Dangerous Foe to Fight Cancer and HIV"]. Scientific American.
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=recruiting-a-dangerous-foe&sc=rss.
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Associated Press - Viruses Approved for Treating Food
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Food Quality News - Phage product found effective against Listeria
Centers for Disease Control. (2009). Listeriosis: Disease Listing. Retrieved on January 10,2010 from
www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfmbd/disease-listing/listeriosis
Chae, M.S., Schraft, H. (2000). Comparative evaluation of adhesion and biofilm formation of different Listeria
monocytogenes strains. International Journal of Food Microbiology. Volume 62: 103-111
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). (2010). Listeria and Listeriosis. Retrieved on December 31, 2009 from
www.dhhs.gov/listeriosis
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2009). Food borne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook: The
Bad Bug Fact Book. Retrieved on January 10, 2010 from www.fda.gov/listeria/fact sheet
Wiedmann, Martin. (2001). Investigating The Deadliest of All Food borne Bacteria. Food Borne Illness Education Center.
Retrieved on December 21, 2009 from www.unisci.com/stories/20011/0212012.htm
United States Department of Agriculture (2010). Food Protection. Listeria and Salmonella. Retrieved on January 19, 2010
from www.usda.gov/listeriaandsalmonella/foodbouneillinesses
Photo Sources:
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http://koolielu.edu.ee/kajarahu/veeb/mikroobsed_toiduhaigused/images/Listeria%20monocytogenes.jpg
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http://www.pbchd.com/pdfs/prevention_pointers/listeriosis.pdf

http://www.oxoid.com/bluePress/UK/EN/images/PR026906.jpg

http://koolielu.edu.ee/kajarahu/veeb/mikroobsed_toiduhaigused/images/Listeria%20monocytogenes.jpg

http://images.quickblogcast.com/84869-74217/eggo.jpg,
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http://www.aboutlawsuits.com/wp-content/uploads/milk-cheese-eggs-220.jpg
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http://brucefong.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hispanic-pregnant-woman.jpg,
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http://brucefong.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/hispanic-pregnant-woman.jpg,
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http://www.voagno.org/Portals/20/elderly%20ladies.jpg
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http://www.topnews.in/health/files/immune-system.jpg

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/figures/m553a1f29.gif
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http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/food-kitchen/food/dairy-products/soft-cheeses.jpg
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http://www.azithrocine.com/images/photo/drugs.jpg
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www.FDA.gov , www.CDC.gov , and www.USDA.gov