Transcript Group Five PPTx

Ch. 17 Reducing
Risks and Coping
with Chronic
Conditions
Tamesha Walters (Kimbrough)
Major Disease

Cancer and Heart Disease

Many more that can cause pain and suffering
What is a Major Disease

Develops over a long period of time

Causes progressive damage to tissue in the body

Idiopathic- unknown cause
Pallative Treatments- Doctors use this to treat or ease
symptoms even though there is no official cure.
Preventing Major Disease

Educate yourself

Make lifestyle changes

Environment risk reduction

Medical interventions

Public Support
Coping Respiratory Problems

Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease(CLRD)\

Ex. Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma

3rd killer in the U.S.


Heart Attack, Cancer, and Stroke where the highest
Dysea occurs when lung function is impaired

It is considered to be choking kind of breathlessness
Bronchitis

Inflammation and scarring of the lining of the
bronchitial tubes.


Symptoms


These connect to the windpipe
Chest pain, Back pain, and shortness of breath
Triggers

Chemicals, Cigarette smoke, and hairspray fumes
Emphysema

Gradual Destruction of the alveoli (tiny air sacs that
exchanges gas) that is irreversible.

Destruction of these alveoli impairs the oxygen and the
CO2 transfer to and from the blood.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIUeR5NRi6c
Asthma

A long-term, chronic inflammatory disorder that blocks
airflow to the lungs

Symptoms

Wheezing

Coughing Spasm

Short breath

Difficult breathing
Asthma Cont.

There are two types of Asthma:

Extrinsic/ allergic asthma


Caused by allergies
Intrinsic/ non-allergic asthma

Caused by anything that’s not allergies
Allergies

Disease caused by an over reactive immune system.

Most Typical Types


Mold, food, Medicines
Immunotherapy

Helps reduce symptoms
Allergies Cont.

Hay Fever

Pollen allergy


Sneezing Itching Watery Eyes
Prevention

Avoid environmental Triggers

Food Allergies

Food Intolerance
Adults
Children

Milk

Eggs

Eggs

Milk

Nuts

Peanuts

Soybeans

Wheat

Fish
Anaphylactic Shock

Rapid Heart beat

Blood Pressure Change

Swelling of Tounge and Throat

Breathing Difficulties

Death
Neurological Disorders

Headaches

Tension Headaches



Dull aching head pain

Sensation or pressure on your forehead and the back of he neck
Triggers


Symptoms
Stress, depression, anxiety, jaw clenching, and poor posture.
Prevention

Medicine, Exercise, Relaxation
Neurological Disorders Cont.

Migraines


Symptoms

Moderate to Severe pain on one or both sides of the head

Pain with pulsating and throbbing quality

Pain is worsen with everyday activity

Nausea
Medicine

Relaxation
Digestive Disorder

Inflammatory Bowel Movement

Inflamed Intestines

Symptoms


Bloating, Bloody Stool
Common types

Ulcerative Colitis

Crohns Disease
Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Functional Bowel disorder

Cause


Infection, onset of maternity, stressful life events
Symptom

Nausea, pain, gas, diarrhea, bloating, cramps
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Disease

Heart Burn, Acid reflux

Symptoms


Age, diet, alcohol, obesity, pregnancy, and smoking.
Prevention

Avoid trigger foods as well as spicy and fried foods.
Arthritis

Painful Inflammatory disease of the joints

Osteoarthritis


Progressive deterioration of bones and joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune inflammatory disease
Osteoporosis

Bones that are weak, brittle, and break easy.

Prevention

Medication

Dietary supplements

Weight bearing exercise
Lower Back Pain

Common among young adults

Contributions to Lower Back Pain

Age, body type, posture, strength and illness,
psychological factors, occupational risks
Repetitive Motion Disorders

Includes


Carpal Tunnel, Bursitis, Tendonitis
Contributors

Twisting arm or your wrist

Over exertion

Incorrect posture
Bronchitis Cont.

There are two types of Bronchitis that are more familiar
to most people


Acute

Are caused by other infectious diseases

Can go away in week or two
Chronic

Takes 3 or more months of the year for two years in a row
Chapter 18: Cory
Fohrer
Choosing Conventional and Complementary Healthcare
Self Care
•
Diagnosing symptoms or conditions that occur frequently but
may not require physician visits.
•
Using over the counter medications to treat mild,
infrequent, and unambiguous pain and other symptoms.
•
Performing first aid for common, uncomplicated injuries and
conditions
•
Checking blood pressure, pulse, and temperature.
•
Performing monthly breast or testicular self examinations.
•
Performing meditation and other relaxation techniques
•
Maintaining a healthful diet, getting adequate rest, and
exercising
When to Seek Help

A serious accident or injury

Sudden or severe chest pains, especially if they cause breathing difficulties.

Trauma to the head or spine accompanied by persistent headache, blurred
vision, loss of consciousness, vomiting, or paralysis.

Sudden high fever or recurring high temperature

Adverse reactions to drug or insect bite

Unexplained sudden weight loss

Persistent diarrhea or vomiting

Blue colored lips, eyelids, or nail beds

Any blood in stool or urine

Yellowing of skin or whites of the eyes

Any reoccurring symptom that is unusual or reoccurs over time.

Pregnancy
Types of Medicine

Conventional (allopathic) -A system of medicine based
on the application of the scientific method; diseases are
thought to be caused by identifiable physical factors
and characterized by a representative set of signs and
symptoms; also called biomedicine or standard Western
medicine.

Complementary- is used together with conventional
medicine as a modern integrative medicine approach.

Alternative-Traditionally used in place of conventional
medicine, such as following a special diet or herbal
remedy to treat cancer instead of using radiation,
surgery, or other conventional treatments.
Conventional Health Care
Practitioners

Osteopaths- general practitioners who receive training similar to that of
a medical doctor but places special emphasis on the skeletal and
muscular system.

Ophthalmologist- holds a medical degree and can perform surgery and
prescribe medications.

Optometrist-Evaluates visual problems and fits glasses but is not a
trained physician.

Dentists-specialists who diagnose and treat diseases of the teeth, gums,
and oral cavity.

Nurses-Trained healthcare professionals who provide a wide range of
services for patients and their families, including patient education,
counseling, community health and disease prevention information, and
administration of medications.

Nurse Practitioners-nurses with advanced training obtained through a
masters degree program or specialized nurse practitioner program.

Physician assistants- licensed to examine and diagnose patients, offer
treatments, and write prescriptions under a physicians supervision.
Types of Complementary and
Alternative Medicine

Natural Products (17.7%)

Deep Breathing (12.7%)

Meditation (9.4%)

Chiropractic & Osteopathic (8.6%)

Massage (8.3%)

Yoga (6.1%)

Diet based therapies (3.6%)

Progressive Relaxation (2.9%)

Guided Imagery (2.2%)

Homeopathic treatment (1.8%)
Complementary Medicine

unconventional medical practices that are used
together with conventional ones

tends to be holistic and includes therapies from various
historical and cultural backgrounds

often needs you to take an active part in your own
treatment with lifestyle changes (e.g. diet, exercise,
meditation or psychological exercises)
CAM: Complementary and
Alternative Medicine

Increased use in this type of medicine throughout the world.

Alternative medical systems include

Traditional Chinese medicine-s a broad range of medicine practices
sharing common concepts which have been developed in China and
are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including
various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (Tui na),
exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy.

Ayurveda-the traditional Hindu system of medicine, which is based
on the idea of balance in bodily systems and uses diet, herbal
treatment, and yogic breathing.

Homeopathy -the treatment of disease by minute doses of natural
substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms of
disease.

Naturopathy-a system of alternative medicine based on the theory
that diseases can be successfully treated or prevented without the
use of drugs, by techniques such as control of diet, exercise, and
massage.
Manipulative and Body-Based
Practices

Chiropractic medicine- focuses on manipulation of the
spine and other neuromuscular structures.

Massage Therapy-soft tissue manipulation by trained
therapists for relaxation and healing.

Body work- focuses on body centered modalities that
release tension, balance the body, alleviate pain, and
improve coordination, flexibility, and coordination.


Example: Pilates
Energy Medicine- general term for therapies that focus
either on energy fields thought to originate within the body
(biofields) or on field from other sources (electromagnetic
fields).

Example: Acupuncture
Health Insurance

Based on the concept of spreading risk

Insurance is provided by private insurance companies
who charge premiums and the government Medicare
and Medicaid programs (funded by taxes)

Managed care in the form of HMO’s, PPO’s, and POS
plans attempts to control costs by streamlining
administrative procedures and promoting preventative
care.
Health Insurance Cont’d

Premium- payment made to an insurance carrier, usually
in monthly installments, that covers the cost of an
insurance policy.

Deductibles-payments you make for health care before
insurance coverage in to pay for eligible services.

Co-payments-set amounts that you pay per service or
product received, regardless of the total cost.

Coinsurance- percentage of costs that you must pay
based on the terms of the policy.

All insurers set some limits on types of covered services,
for an example, cosmetic surgery is not included in
most policies.
Government Funded Programs

Medicare- a federal insurance program that covers a broad range of
services except long-term care.

Covers 99% of Americans all over the age of 65

All permanently disabled

All people with end-stage kidney failure


By 2030, it is expected that 1 in 5 Americans will be insured by Medicare.
Medicaid-a federal state matching funds program that provides health
insurance for people defined as:

low income

blind

disabled

Elderly

Pregnant

Temporary assistance for needy families.
Issues Facing Todays Health
Care System

Access to providers, facilities, and treatments

Access to quality health insurance

Cost

Quality
Ch. 19 Preventing
Violence and
Abuse
Kyle Olry
Violence in the US

In general:


Violent crime rates have been steadily declining over the
last few years.
On Campuses:

Think VT, NIU, the Purdue Shooting and others

Every campus will have an emergency plan in place for
such events

However 93% of crimes against college students happen off
campus

Relationship abuse is most prevalent.
Contributing Factors

Low Socioeconomic Status

Financial Strain due to Unemployment.

Parental Influence

Cultural Beliefs

Discrimination or oppression

Differing religious or political beliefs

Breakdowns in the criminal justice system

Stress

Heavy substance abuse
Interpersonal Violence

Violence inflicted against one individual by another
individual or group of individuals. Including:

Homicide

Hate crimes

Domestic violence

Child abuse

Elder abuse

Sexual victimization
Avoid becoming a victim

Self-defense

Includes being situationally aware and prepared to take
action which includes simply making a scene.

Speak in a stern tone of voice

Maintain eye contact

Be confident.
Campuswide responses to
violence



Early response efforts

Reacting to VT and NIU trageties.

Restructuring of plans of action in emergency situations.

Email, text, phone call alerts.
Changes in campus environment.

Additional lighting around campus

Emergency call boxes

Removal of overgrown shrubs etc.
Campus police

Increased number of officers and their authority.
Community strategies

Focused on behavior:

Teaching children to respect one another and be
responsible

Develop laws and policies that prevent violence

Development of education programs for kids and families
in the community
Chapter 20
Preserving and Protecting Your Environment
Overpopulation
http
s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAUVGYz3pZw
Air Pollution
•
Components of air pollution
•
Photochemical Smog- brownish haze produced by
photochemical reaction of sunlight with the pollutants
•
Air Quality Index
•
Acid Rain- When pollutants are deposited by
precipitation
•
Ozone Layer Depletion
Climate change
•
Global Warming
•
Sustainable Development
Water pollution and shortages
•
Water contamination
•
Gas and petroleum products
•
Chemical contaminants
•
Polychlorinated biphenyis
•
Dioxins
•
Pesticides
Land pollution
•
Solid waste
•
Hazardous waste
Radiation
•
Nonionizing Radiation
•
Ionizing Radiation
•
Nuclear Power Plants
Ch 21 Preparing
for Aging, Death,
and Dying
Coley Parker
Terms

Aging-Has been described as the patterns of life changes
that occur in members of all species as they grow older.

Gerontology- The study of individual and collective
aging processes.
Redefining aging

Biological age- Relative age of a person’s organs and body
system. Exercise/diet and non smoking are the most influential
factors on how body ages.

Psychological age-Refers to a persons adaptive capacities, such
as coping abilities and intelligence.

Social Age- refers to a persons habits and roles relative to
society's expectations.

Legal Age-Used as a factor in determining voting rights, driving
privileges, drinking rights etc..

Functional age-a persons status in terms of physical and
mental performance.
Successful Aging

People who Age successfully have the following
characteristics

They stay active/ Exercise daily

Maintain a normal weight range

They eat a healthy diet containing low levels of
saturated fats, with plenty of fruits and veggies and
whole grains

Participate in meaningful activies

They don’t smoke and they consume alcohol in
moderation
Physical and Mental changes
of aging

The skin becomes thinner and loses elasticity,
particularly in the outer surfaces.

Bones are continually changing because of the
accumulation and loss of minerals.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone
density and structural deterioration of bone tissue.
The Senses

With aging, the senses become less actue.

By age 30, the lens of the eye begins to harden, which
can cause problems by the early 40’s

By age 60, depth perception declines and farsightedness
often develops.

Cataracts- clouding of the lens

Glaucoma- Elevated pressure within the eyeball

Macular Degeneration-Breakdown of the macula, the
light-sensitive part of the retina responsible for sharp,
direct vision
Sexual Function

As men age, testosterone levels decline and changes in
sexual function are common. These physiological
changes can include:

A need for more stimulation to achieve and maintain
erection and orgasm

Shorter orgasms

Less forceful ejaculation and less semen ejaculated

Longer time needed to achieve another erection after
ejaculation
Alzheimer’s Disease

This is the most common type of dementia, and it affects about 5
million Americans.

Definition -progressive mental deterioration that can occur in
middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It
is the most common cause of premature senility.

The symptoms are mild at first but get worse over a number of
years. Your friend or relative might:

Be confused about where he is or what day or year it is

Have problems speaking or writing

Lose things and be unable to backtrack to find them

Show poor judgment

Have mood and personality changes
Death

Death- a permanent cessation of all vital functions.

Brain Death-irreversible cessation of all functions of the
entire brainstem, has gained increasing credence.

Dying- the process of decline in body functions that
results in the death of an organism.
Stages of Dying

1.) Denial ( Not me, there must be a mistake)

2.)Anger ( why me?!)

3.)Bargaining (if I’m allowed to live I promise….)

4.) Depression (it’s really going to happen, and I can’t
do anything about it)

5.) Acceptance (I’m ready)
Coping with Loss

Bereavement- The loss or deprivation that a survivor
experiences when a loved one dies.

Grief- Occurs in reaction to significant loss, including
one own impending death, the death of a loved one a
significant loss such as the end of a relationship of job.

Mourning-refers to culturally prescribed and accepted
time periods of behavior patterns for the expression of
grief
Worden’s model of grieving
tasks

1.) Accept the reality of the loss

2.) Work through the pain of grief

3.)Adjust to an environment in which the deceased is
missing

4.)Emotionally relocate the deceased and move on with
life.