Transcript Immune system and infectious Diseases

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Infectious Diseases
and
Traditional Medicine

Majid Avijgan MD,
 Professor of Infectious Diseases
 Infectious Diseases Department,
 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
 October 2012
This topic

1-History
 2-Discovery of Antibiotics
 3-Domino of Antibiotics
 4-Role of Antibiotics
 5-Immun System and Antibiotics
 6-The role of Medical Services in this event
History

From the beginning of the world up to 1856.

From 1856 up to now.
Natural substances

Aarchaeologists excavated evidence of
human remains in northern Iraq that were
buried along with a variety of herbs, a
number of which have now found to be
antibacterial that were used by the
prehistoric people of the region to eliminate
bacteria or thwart their multiplication.
Natural substances

It is believed that the Egyptians were the
first to make prescriptions for curing
infections sometime around 1550 BC.

Blend of lard, honey and lint and was used
in the form of a lotion for dressing wounds.
Natural substances

We are aware that honey possesses antibacterial properties,
as it kills bacterial cells by means of extracting water from
them. Moreover, honey encloses an enzyme called inhibine
that transforms glucose and oxygen into hydrogen
peroxide - a widely accepted antiseptic. In current times,
wounds have been found to be very resistant to healing by
antibiotic medicaments. However, honey has the aptitude
to heal them quite easily. In addition, honey is also known
to be a wonderful natural medication for curing infected
varicose ulcers.
Natural substances

In addition, the Greeks too used honey for
dressing wounds, frequently mixing it with
copper oxide.
 In latest times, during the World War II, an
ointment prepared with honey and lard was
used by people in Shanghai to heal wounds
and skin contagions very effectively.
Natural substances

Aromatic resins, for instance frankincense as well
as myrrh, were employed to preserve human
remains. In effect, onions too have antibacterial
properties and it has been generally found inside
the body cavities of mummies. Researches
substantiated the anti-infective properties of onion
and garlic some time around 1940s. Scientists
isolated a substance known as allicin from these
plants, which has proved to be very effective in
eliminating bacteria.
Natural substances

Radish is another herb which the Egyptians
are believed to have used for medicinal
purpose. The attribute of the plant to
combat infections was established following
the isolation of raphanin, a substance that
possesses considerable antibacterial actions
against a wide range of infections.
Natural substances

However, the use of molds actually has its
origin to the ancient Egyptians or most
possibly even earlier.
Natural substances

It may be mentioned here that some time around
1550 BC, an Egyptian physician had remarked in
the Ebers Papyrus that when a wound
decomposes, it should be bind on infected barley
bread. It is true that the Egyptians employed
various types of molds to cure infections on the
skin surface. Similarly, in ancient time, the
Chinese too made use of molds to heal carbuncles,
boils and other skin infections.
Natural substances

During the time of the ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates, people also extensively used vinegar and
wine to heal wounds that were infected. Vinegar is actually
an acid and a potent antiseptic that eliminates germs
causing diseases. However, the antibacterial features of
wine may not be totally attributed to its alcohol content,
since it is very poor. Chemical analysis of wine undertaken
recently has exposed that it encloses an antibacterial
substance known as malvoside. Scientists are of the view
that malvoside present in wine is responsible for its
antibacterial attributes.
Natural substances

Even today, inorganic substances, copper is mixed
with other inorganic substances to cure infections.
In France, a skin condition called impetigo caused
by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is being
cured using Eau Dalibour, a blend of copper and
zinc. Although the surgeon general of Louis XIV
army Jacques Dalibour is known to prescribe this
medication for the first time ever, it is believed
that this combination may also have been used in
traditional French medicine much long back.
History

The data hand down generation to
generation during years…….
History of drugs

At 1856 first drug store has been presented
in the California in USA
History

In addition, it also throws light on why
majority of the medical researches are
sponsored by the pharmaceutical firms and
the reason behind medical students being
taught pharmacology or the use of
medicaments as the key ways of treating
patients.
History

In Paris itself, Louis Pasteur had explained the
advantageous influences of injecting animals with
safe soil bacteria to fight anthrax (an infectious,
often life-threatening disease of the animals).
Several other experiments dealing with anthrax
and cholera also corroborated these findings and
established that harmless bacteria have the
aptitude to slow down the disease-causing or
pathogenic bacteria.
History

In 1910, scientists found a more potential
agent known as salvarsan, which was
basically a dye, demonstrating to be very
effectual in treating the sexually transmitted
disease syphilis. Nevertheless, toxicity of
the substance in humans proved to be the
main obstacle in developing salvarsan as
well as its extensive use.
History

While trying to develop the bacteria
Staphylococcus spp. on an agar plate (a
saucer used for preparing bacterial cultures)
in 1928, Dr. Fleming detected that the
development of this bacterium was slowed
down by a mold which had contaminated
the plate by accident. He immediately made
up his mind to identify the mold that was
ultimately known as Penicillium notatum.
History

Incidentally, it took another few years for two talented
researchers, Dr. Florey and Dr. Chain, who were working
at Oxford University in the late 1930s and early part of
1940s, to appreciate the significance of the findings of Dr.
Fleming’s research. In fact, the pioneering work of these
two researchers helped to bring penicillin into clinical use.
Dr. Flory was an Australian physician who had been to
Oxford on a scholarship to study pathology. On the other
hand, Dr. Chain was a chemist from Germany who had
escaped from the Nazis in the 1930s and went to England
for rest.
History



Penicillin showed marked efficiency in combating an
assortment of infections, including septicemia, pneumonia,
scarlet fever, diphtheria, strep throat, rheumatic fever as
well as the sexually transmitted ailment gonorrhoea.
In fact, people started believing that penicillin could be
used to treat any ailment and, incidentally, this myth even
exists till date.
At the same time, this new magic medicament received
fantastic publicity and Dr. Fleming, Dr. Florey and Dr.
Chain were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology
and Medicine in 1945.
HISTORY (Resistance)

Before 1955, the sale of penicillin was not
restricted and, hence, anyone and everyone
were able to purchase it without a
prescription. However, the overuse and
unrestricted use of penicillin resulted in
increasing resistant to bacteria
HISTORY (Resistance)

In the meantime, in 1935, a German researcher
demonstrated that a dye known as Prontosil Red was
effective in treating mice infected with Streptococcus supp.
- the bacteria responsible for strep throat. In fact, the dye
Prontosil Red was the predecessor of a group of drugs
similar to antibiotics and known as sulphonamides or sulfa
drugs. Even to this day, these drugs are in use. For
instance, Septra, which contains sulfamethoxazole, is given
to patients suffering from infections of the respiratory as
well as the urinary tract.
History (complication)

Merck and Company helped Waksman with funds
in 1939 to begin an exploration for antibiotics with
a view to offer optimism to patients suffering from
tuberculosis (TB). Even to this day, the antibiotic
is used to treat tuberculosis.
 Soon after streptomycin was clinically used in
tuberculosis patients, it was found that the use of
the drug resulted in side effects that were absent in
the case of using penicillin, counting kidney
damage as well as deafness.
History

Nevertheless, the major problem faced by patients
in using streptomycin, and what actually limited
efficiency, was resistance. In fact, the pace at
which bacteria were capable of developing
resistance to this drug surprised Waksman and his
colleagues. Owing to this factor, they were
encouraged to undertake research to find other
antibiotics. This search actually led to the
development of neomycin - a medicament
generally used in a number of antibacterial
ointments these days.
History

As many as 22 patients who received the antibiotic chloramphenicol in
the Bolivian epidemic survived. Among the 50 patients who did not
avail antibiotic, 14 succumbed to the epidemic. Actually, the trial of
the antibiotic drug in Bolivia is not its sole connection in South
America. In effect, the antibiotic medicament chloramphenicol was
isolated for the first time from a soil sample in a place in Caracas,
Venezuela. This discovery is significant in two ways. Firstly, it helped
in detecting a new antibiotic substance and second, according to the
findings of the clinical trial, chloramphenicol has the potential to treat
diseases that were incurable earlier - for instance, typhus. Much later,
this antibiotic medicament demonstrated outstanding results in treating
typhoid fever. Finally, the scientists were being successful in
discovering new and effectual substances, which could cure severe
infections.
History



effectual substances, which could cure severe infections.
The ecstasy involved with the discovery of chloramphenicol was rather
diminished when it became clear that the use of the antibiotic resulted
in grave side effects. By 1950, several researchers were worried by the
increasing proof related to the drug’s use to acute blood disorders, such
as anaemia and even leukemia.
The use of the antibiotic drug chloramphenicol is presently restricted
in the developed nations, as more expensive, but less harmful
medications are available in these places. However, in developing
nations this antibiotic is still in use since its production does not entail
great expenses. Primarily, this drug is given to patients suffering from
typhoid fever, typhus, meningitis and brucellosis also known as
undulant fever. However, this antibiotic medicament may also be used
for treating other infections. In fact, it is possible that you have used
this drug either in your ear drops or eye drops.
History

In 1948, Brotzu made the findings of this clinical trials public and his
work drew the attention of the research group formed by Dr. Florey in
Oxford University. After obtaining the samples of the fungus,
members of the Oxford University research group could isolate as well
as purify a number of antibiotics similar to penicillin, which were
known as cephalosporins. It was found that the cephalosporins were
highly effectual in curing an assortment of infections caused by
bacteria. These antibiotics eliminate bacteria in a way that is
comparable to the actions of penicillin and were considered as valuable
options, particularly in cases where resistance to penicillin was a major
worry. In addition, cephalosporins had very low toxicity and this was a
great advantage of using these antibiotic medicaments. However, it is
another matter that using cephalosporins resulted in allergic reactions
in approximately five per cent of patients.
History

Benjamin M. Duggar was successful in
isolating chlortetracycline from a mud
sample obtained from a river in Missouri.
While chlortetracycline was the first ever
tetracycline, the discovery of Duggar has
resulted in the isolation and then the
development of numerous very potent
antibiotics. Currently, these antibiotic drugs
are only second to penicillin in terms of
worldwide sales.
History

Tetracyclines results in the formation of calcium
complexes in developing bone, which may cause
permanent discoloration and enamel imperfections in the
teeth and, at the same time, lessen the growth of bone. In
addition, tetracyclines penetrate the placenta and have an
immense toxic effect on the fetus. Owing to these adverse
and toxic side effects, use of tetracyclines is banned in
treating infections among pregnant women and children
under the age of seven years, since they have the potential
to slow down the growth of kids.
Turning Points

Additional research undertaken in the 1960s led to the
development of the second generation antibiotic drugs.
These second generation antibiotics included methicillin, a
partially synthetic derivative of penicillin produced to
especially beat the problems of penicillin resistance. In
effect, scientists hailed methicillin as a vital advancement
in the fight against bacterial resistance to penicillin.
Scientists were now of the view that they would be able to
win the battle against bacterial infections. However,
unfortunately, they were proved wrong and bacteria had
the final word and today we have bacteria that are also
resistant to the second generation antibiotic methicillin.
Domino
Domino of Antibiotics

since the discovery of penicillin in 1928,
infections still plague us. Many bacteria develop
resistance to the antibiotics that once killed them.
While antibiotics can be lifesaving when used
appropriately, overuse and inappropriate use of
antibiotics can cause widespread health problems.
 Then consider the resistant's bacteria and
overwhelmed Immune system
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Attention to Traditional
Medicine

1970 return to Traditional medicine
History

During the early part of the 1990s, the
American Medical Association (AMA)
ensured a powerful political lobby to shut
down several homeopathic colleges and
hospitals. It is interesting to note that within
just two decades, the number of
homeopathic hospitals in America dropped
to just seven by 1920.
Immune system
or
Resistance to infection
Means No Infection
Infectious Diseases and
Traditional Medicine!!!

Infectious Diseases:
 Newest findings of Medical sciences

Traditional Medicine:
 Oldest findings or data of Medical Sciences

But: Sky-scrapers are on the strong foundation
Infectious Diseases and
Traditional Medicine!!!


П------------------------------------------П
Traditional Med..---------------------------------------------------------------------Infectious Dis


↓
----------П--------------------П-----------
------Traditional Med. -------Infectious Dis. ----
↓
 -------------------ПП----------------------
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------Infectious Dis./Traditional Med. -------
Infectious Diseases and
Traditional Medicine!!!

1-Pay attention to correct diagnosis
 2-Perscription of correct Drugs
 3-administration of correct dosage and correct
duration
 4-they lead to:
 5-No resistance
 6-less complications
 7-Avoidence of advertisements of pharmaceutical
company
The first signs of TM in History

The first reference to infectious disease
appeared in Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow
Emperor's Inner Classic), compiled in the
first or second century CE.
 R: ( Gilbert D, Moellering R, Sande M. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. 29th
Edition. Hyde Park, Vt.: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc., 1999. )

Other: TB in Egypt Mummies and HP
Epidemiologic features
and Transmission

"from one person to the entire household, from one
household to the entire street, and from one street to the
entire village.
 " The disease first affects the exterior of the body and
progresses to the interior, following the patterns of wei
(defensive), qi (energy), ying (nutritive) and xue (blood)
levels.5
 …..transmitted from one person to another via "heaven
[air-borne]" or "earth [direct contact],
 ……" and affect individuals with low immunity.6


R:Wen Re Lun (Discussion of Warm and Hot Disorders) by the apprentices of Ye Gui,
1745-1766.
Wen Yi Lun (Discussion of Epidemic Warm Disease) by Wu You-Xing, 1642.
Warm or Hot diseases versus cold diseases


recognized that these patterns of illness were
significantly different from shang han (cold
damage) patterns, so must be diagnosed and
treated differently. Three of the most influential
doctors during that era contributed to a new school
of thought, namely wen bing (warm disease).2-4
Furthermore, the cause of these warm and hot
disease have "no sound nor smell, and no shape
nor shadow.”(6)
Wu You-Xing, also known as Wu You-Ko, circa 1580-1660.
 Ye Gui, also known as Ye Tian-Shi, 1666-1745.
 Wu Tang, also known as Wu Ju-Tong, 1758-1836.
Infectious diseases
classification

Theory of Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the
Golden Cabinet, by Zhang Zhongjing, (150-219
AD), and Treatise on Differentiation and
Treatment of Seasonal Febrile Diseases, by Wu
Jutong, 1798, include effective formulas for
"Clearing Heat," "Expelling Cold," and "Relieving
Toxicity" which are used to treat infectious
diseases.

http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Immune system or infectious diseases

Two theories dominate the practice of medicine on
infectious diseases.
 One theory is that germs cause infectious diseases.
 The other theory is that diminished host resistance
causes infectious diseases. The "great
compromise" of these two theories is widely
accepted by both the public and professionals.
That is, infectious organisms are present in the
host or the environment, but infection does not
occur unless the host,s resistance diminishes.
(TB,AIDS, ……)

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Immune system
and infectious Diseases

As a pillar of modern medicine, antibiotics
play a tremendous role in dealing with
infections.
 When the body,s immune system is
overwhelmed, antibiotics can be very
useful.
 Otherwise it is un successes (MDR and
AIDS)
Immune system and infectious dis.
Antibiotics and Resistance

As more people consider this question in
comparative medicine, they find the answer in a
natural and powerful substitute for antibiotics -Chinese herbs.
 Modern chemical antibiotics have been in
existence less than a hundred years, whereas the
natural herbal antibiotics prescribed by traditional
healers have been used for more than 2000 years
by millions of people.

http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
(Superior or inferior medicine)
or (treatment or Prevention )


One of the fundamental concepts in traditional medicine is
that "superior medicine prevents disease, and inferior
medicine treats disease."8 Prevention of infectious disease
is certainly no exception since bacteria and virus tend to
adversely affect those who have weakened immune
systems. Many herbs and formulas that tonify wei qi can
boost the immune system.
Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang (Thousands of Golden Prescriptions for
Emergencies) by Sun Si-Miao.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Treatment versus prevention medicine

This compromise is that a strong immune
system is fundamental if the body is to
resist infections. A medicine which controls
bacterial infection and sustains the immune
system is always preferable to a medicine
which kills bacteria but depresses the
immune system.

http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Modern medicine is same traditional
medicine


It is helpful to remember as we consider the wonders of
modern medicine that it has been with us for less than 100
years. On the other hand, traditional healing practices
have been a part of our human experience in one way or
another throughout recorded history.
Phrases such as alternative therapy, holistic medicine or
"new-age healing" are nothing more than modern
expressions of healing practices that have their beginnings
over many centuries. These include a tremendous variety
of healing practices that are offered – or the most part – by
people who are not trained as modern physicians, nurses or
related health care practitioners.
Modern medicine is same
traditional medicine
Modern
Medicine is consisted
of Traditional Medicine plus
Modern Technology,
Innovation and explorations.

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Differences between modern and
traditional medicine !!!

Major differences between modern and traditional
medicine!!!

Notice again that traditional refers to those practices that
generally do not involve modern medical practice, which is
in contrast to the many modern physicians who describe
their practices as "traditional" while referring to everything
else as "non-traditional" (or much worse, depending on
who is doing the talking).
Salicylic acid and Whitlow cortex
Artemisia and Malaria


Differences: Disease and health /
Illness and wellness

One major difference between traditional
medicine and modern medicine is the way in
which we look at disease and health. Dr. Arthur
Kleinman, a noted medical anthropologist,
distinguishes disease from illness as follows:

Disease refers to abnormalities in the structure and/or function of
organs and organ systems.

Illness refers to a person's perceptions and experiences of certain
socially disvalued states, including, but not limited to, disease.

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Differences: Disease and health /
Illness and wellness





Diseases, then, are biological conditions. Modern medical practice is
generally concerned only with identifying and curing these conditions
(the biomedical model we discussed in the first installment of
Transcending Your Pain).
Illness, by contrast, has to do with not only disease within organs, but
with the social, psychological and spiritual condition of the person (the
biopsychosocial model previously discussed).
Some critics of modern medicine believe that – in the enthusiasm to
understand disease – a heavy price has been extracted. By ignoring the
social, psychological and spiritual condition of patients, the art of
healing has been lost.
http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Health definition by WHO………..
Choice of people for
treatment



In one large recent study published in the Journal of the
American Medical Association, sick people in the United
States were just as likely to turn first to traditional
practitioners as they were to modern physicians.
Interestingly, the source of people's dissatisfaction is not
due to any knowledge on patients' parts about the outcome
of modern versus traditional treatment.
But what do we mean by "outcomes?" Modern physicians
rely on studies comparing one type of treatment with
another, with outcomes usually measured in terms of
control or elimination of disease.
http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Differences: "spiritual,"


I mean the idea that there is something we can connect to
that is greater than our bodies or the time we have to spend
in them. This may or may not be associated with a
religious tradition. A person can be quite spiritual and find
great meaning to his or her life without participating in any
particular religion.
They may long for healers who can care about all the
dimensions of their lives. My own experience tells me that
modern medicine practitioners who have been able to
retain some traditional thinking, and who can bring that to
the care of their patients, are tremendously popular.
Differences: "spiritual,"

Maintenance of health and wellness may or may not be
associated with successful elimination of disease in the
body. I remember some years ago, Dr. Larry Dossey, a
well-known physician who was interested in both modern
and traditional healing practices, told an audience that he
had just attended the funeral of one of his patients. He said
that while she had died from cancer and experienced
cancer-related pain, she had lived the remaining days of
her life in peace and with a feeling of well being. He must
have been of great comfort to his patients during that
difficult time.
Antibiotics and infectious
diseases

of antibiotic drugs is one of the major breakthroughs in modern
medicine. It enables doctors to effectively treat many different
types of infections. Unfortunately, decades of abuse and misuse
have led to growing problems of bacterial mutation and
resistance. Many of these "super bugs" can only be treated with
the newest and most potent antibiotic drugs. Unfortunately,
many of them have potent side effects as well. The key points
are to select the correct antibiotic drug with least potential side
effects and make sure the patient finishes the entire course of
therapy.

http://acupuncturetoday.com/mpacms/at/article.php?id=31958
Antibiotics versus herbs

Traditional medicine may be especially
advantageous with modern complicated conditions
where "bugs," "super-bugs," and "super-super-bugs"
come in so many different forms that a single
antibiotic fails to deal with them. The proper use of
herbal formulas can not only inhibit bacterial, viral
and fungal infections, but also minimize the need for
antibiotics with their adverse side effects.
 TB and MRSA…….

http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Antibiotics derived from herbs

herbs and herbal formulas are also extremely effective for
treatment of various infections. In fact, most modern
pharmaceutical drugs were originally derived from natural
sources, including penicillin (the oldest antibiotic) and
gentimicin (one of the most potent). One of the main
benefits of using herbs is their wide spectrum of antibiotic
effect, with indications for bacterial and viral infections.
Furthermore, most of these herbs are extremely safe, and
do not have the same harsh side effects as drugs.

http://acupuncturetoday.com/mpacms/at/article.php?id=31958
Comparison between herbs and
antibiotics




In summary, both drugs and herbs are effective to treat mild to moderate cases of
bacterial infections. However, because drugs are more immediately potent and can
be prescribed with more laboratory precision (via cultures and sensitivity tests), they
are more appropriate for life-threatening infections, such as meningitis or
encephalitis, or mutant strains of bacteria, such as beta-lactam-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
On the other hand, use of herbs is far more effective than drugs for treating certain
viral infections, such as the common cold and influenza. Most importantly, herbs are
much gentler to the body and safer than drugs.
In other words, herbs treat infection without damaging the patient's underlying
constitution. This allows the patient to recover faster and become more resistant to
secondary or re-current infections.
http://acupuncturetoday.com/mpacms/at/article.php?id=31958
Some herbs in Infectious diseases


This article does not intend to diminish the
role of antibiotics in any sense.
But, when antibiotics do not work and their
prolonged use causes side effects,
Traditional herbal medicine can be a very
useful option.
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Therapeutic effect of Herbs

Many of the bitter and cold herbs and
formulas used to treat these warm and hot
diseases are recognized today to have
remarkable antibiotic effects.7

Wen Bing Tiao Bian (Systematic Differentiation of Warm Disease) by Wu Tang, 1798.
Classic formulas with immuno-stimulant effect10

Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (All-Inclusive Great
Tonifying Decoction)11
Ren Shen Yang Ying Tang (Ginseng Decoction to
Nourish the Nutritive Qi)12
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and
Augment the Qi Decoction)13




10-Chen J, Chen T. Clinical Manual of Oriental Medicine 2nd Edition. City of Industry, Calif.: Lotus Institute of Integrative
Medicine.
11-Chen J. Chen T. Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications. City of Industry, Calif.: Art of Medicine Press, 2009.
12-Guo Wai Yi Xue Zhong Yi Zhong Yao Fen Ce (Monograph of Chinese Herbology from Foreign Medicine), 1992;14(2):52.
13-Zhong Yi Fang Ji Xian Dai Yan Jiu (Modern Study of Medical Formulae in Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1997;520-1.
Herbs with immuno-stimulant effect16

dong chong xia cao (Cordyceps)17
ren shen (Radix et rhizoma ginseng)18
dang shen (Radix codonopsis)19
huang qi (Radix astragali)20
bai zhu (Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae)21

16-Chen J, Chen T. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry, Calif.: Art of Medicine Press, 2004.
17-Shang Hai Yi Yao Za Zhi (Shanghai Journal of Medicine and Herbology), 1988;1:48.
18-Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998;729:736.
19-Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi (Journal of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), 1985;5(8):487.
20-Biol Pharm Bull, 1977;20(11):1178-82.
21-Xin Yi Yao Xue Za Zhi (New Journal of Medicine and Herbology), 1979;6:60.
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

Classic formulas with antibiotic effect23

Yin Qiao San (Honeysuckle and Forsythia
Powder)24
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (Coptis Decoction to
Relieve Toxicity)25
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentiana Decoction to
Drain the Liver)26

23-Chen J, Chen T. Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications. City of Industry, Calif.: Art of Medicine Press, 2009.
24-Zhong Cheng Yao (Study of Chinese Patent Medicine), 1990;12(1):22.
25-Hu Bei Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Hubei Journal of Chinese Medicine), 1981;4:30.
26-Zhong Yao Yao Li Du Li Yu Lin Chuang (Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Applications of Chinese Herbs),
1991;1:5.



Herbs with antibacterial effect29

bai tou weng (Radix pulsatillae)30
chuan xin lian (Herba andrographis)31
huang lian (Rhizoma coptidis)32,33
hu zhang (Rhizoma et radix polygoni cuspidati)34
huang bo (Cortex phellodendri chinensis)35
huang qin (Radix scutellariae)36
ku shen (Radix sophorae flavescentis)37
pu gong ying (Herba taraxaci)38
shan dou gen (Radix et rhizoma sophorae
tonkinensis)39
Herbs with antiviral effect

ban lan gen (Radix isatidis)40
da qing ye (Folium isatidis)41
jin yin hua (Flos lonicerae japonicae)42
lian qiao (Fructus forsythiae)43
ye ju hua (Flos chrysanthemi Indici)44
upper respiratory infections

Licorice (Gan Cao), Bamboo Leaf (Dan Zhu Ye),
Honeysuckle and forsythia, which are the leading
herbs in Cold and Flu Formula, have a strong
inhibitory effect against many pathogenic bacteria
such as streptococcus and staphylococcus.
 Clinical studies have also proven the effectiveness
of many other standard herbal formulas (see box)
in dealing with upper respiratory infections.

http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
upper respiratory infections.

Commonly Used Herbal Formulas for
Upper Respiratory Infections , Cinnamon
Decoction (Gui Zhi Tang),
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html

‫ پنيرك‬،‫ گل خطمي‬،‫بنفشه سه رنگ‬
Diarrhea

Antibiotics can be very effective if the diarrhea is caused
by certain bacteria, but bacteria are not the only cause of
diarrhea. Gastroenteritis symptoms can also be caused by
parasites, amoebas, toxins, certain medications, and even
food allergies, so antibiotics are not always effective.
When people are looking for a preventive treatment, I
always recommend herbs. One of the most important herbs
for dealing with these problems is coptis (huang lian).
Many studies have shown that coptis strongly inhibits
many bacteria such as shigella, salmonella, and other
bacteria that cause dysentery. Salmonella is the most
common bacterium in the United States that can cause
gastroenteritis and typhoid fever.
Diarrhea


Coptis is traditionally used for clearing Damp Heat in the
stomach or intestines. Besides its inhibitory effect on
bacteria such as shigella and salmonella, coptis has also
been scientifically proven to have a strong inhibitory effect
on streptococcal infections and staphylococcal infections.
Studies also show that coptis is effective against some
bacteria that have developed resistance to the antibiotics
streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and oxytetracycline
hydrochloride. Coptis is also the leading natural herb for
combating serious viral and fungal infections in traditional
Chinese medicine.
Urinary Tract Infections


Urinary tract infections including bladder infections, urethral
infections, and kidney infections account for ten million visits to the
doctor annually, and are second only to respiratory infections in
frequency. Women are more prone to urinary tract infections than men.
They are among the most common health problems for women,
increasing in frequency as a woman goes through menopause.
Statistically, twenty percent of women who have had a urinary tract
infection will develop a second infection. A variety of standard
antibiotics such as Trimpex, Bactrim, Amoxil, and Macrodatin are the
medications most often prescribed for urinary tract infections by
conventional medicine practitioners.
http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Urinary Tract Infections

Herbs like Klause is effective in prevention.
‫پند اول‬
‫‪‬‬
‫بوقلمونی ‪ ،‬گاوی بديد و بگفت ‪ :‬در آرزوی پروازم اما چگونه ‪،‬‬
‫ندانم‬
‫گاو پاسخ داد ‪ :‬گر ز تپاله من خوری قدرت بر بالهايت فتد و‬
‫پرواز كنی‬
‫بوقلمون خورد و بر شاخی نشست‬
‫تيراندازی ماهر ‪ ،‬بوقلمون بر درخت بديد‬
‫تيری بر آن نگون بخت بينداخت و هالكش نمود‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬نتيجه اخالقی‬
‫‪ ‬با خوردن هر گندی شايد به باال رسی ‪ ،‬ليك در باال نمانی‬
‫پند دوم‬
‫‪. ‬گنجشكی از سرمای بسيار قدرت پرواز از كف بداد و‬
‫در برف افتاد‬
‫‪. ‬گاوی گذر همی كرد و تپاله بر وی انداخت‬
‫‪. ‬گنجشك ز گرمای تپاله جان بگرفت و به آواز مشغول‬
‫شد‬
‫‪. ‬گربه ای آواز بشنيد ‪ ،‬جست و گنجشك بدندان بگرفت و‬
‫بخورد‬
‫‪ ‬نتيجه اخالقی‬
‫پند سوم‬
‫‪ ‬خرگوش از كالغی بر سر شاخه پرسيد‬
‫كه آيا من نيز ميتوانم چون تو نشسته ‪ ،‬كار نكنم؟‬
‫كالغ پاسخ داد ‪ :‬چرا كه نه‬
‫خرگوش بنشست بی حركت‬
‫‪.‬روباهی از ره رسيد و خرگوش بخورد‬
‫‪ ‬نتيجه اخالقی‬
‫‪ .‬الزمه نشستن و كار نكردن باال نشستن است‬