Transcript Ch1 and 2 student

 ________________- alcohol solution applied to the skin
 ________________- drugs in an oil base used to counter irritation or pain
 ________________- applied to the skin by dabbing; provides soothing effect
 ________________ – semisolid of oil and water; water evaporates and leaves drug on skin
 ________________- small, airtight glass containers with a neck. Must be broken to access drug.
Single dose.
 _____________- glass bottles with rubber stoppers that must be punctured by a needle
 Multidose: contain preservatives to extend shelf life (antibiotics, anesthetics, anti-inflammatories)
 Single-dose: discarded after one use (vaccines)
 _________________________/DEPOT – formulated to prolong absorption from the site of
administration
 IMPLANT- pellet containing a chemical or hormone that is inserted subcutaneously and absorbed by the
body over time.
 _________________- therapeutic agent composed of plant or animal parts
 Package inserts, Text books, Formularies, PDR
 Info that may be listed in drug references:
 The copyrighted or trademarked name of the drug
 Whether or not the drug is over the counter or prescription
 Whether or not the drug is a controlled substance and if so which class
 Phonetic spelling of name
 Nonproprietary name
 Dosage form
 USP
 Drug characteristics and inert ingredients
 Indications
 Precautions, warnings, and contraindications (ADR)
 How to treat an overdose
 Dosage and administration
 Pharmacology (Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics)
 Generic and trade names
 Drug concentration and quantity
 Name and address of
manufacturer
 Controlled substance status
 Manufacturer’s lot number
 Expiration date
 Instructions, warnings, and
withdrawal time (if applicable) must
also be listed, however size of the
label often prevents this from fitting.
It is common to find these on the
package insert, or a tear-off portion
of the bottle.
Using a medication in a manner that is not listed as approved by FDA
 Different __________________________________________________________________________________________
AMDUCA gave veterinarians the authority to use approved animal drugs in an extra-label
manner if “the health of the animal is threatened, or suffering or death may result from failure
to treat.”
Only allowed when:
 There is no approved drug to treat the animal's condition or the approved drug's dosage is not




effective.
A careful diagnosis has been made and a valid VCPR exists.
The identity of the animal being treated is carefully maintained
The withdrawal time is extended
The drug is properly labeled to ensure safety
 A valid VCPR is required before a drug can be prescribed to a patient.
 The veterinarian assumes responsibility for making decisions regarding the patient’s health.
 The client agrees to follow the veterinarian’s instructions.
 The veterinarian knows enough about the patient to make a preliminary diagnosis and has
examined the patient recently.
 The veterinarian is available for follow-up care or has arranged for emergency care.
 The veterinarian oversees treatment, compliance, and outcome.
 Patient records are maintained.
 The veterinary profession is regulated by the DEA, FDA, USDA, and EPA.
 The FDA determines whether a drug will be Rx or OTC
 Decision is based on toxicity of drug, method of use, and how well directions can be
written for drug’s usage
 A prescription drug (aka legend drug) has potential toxic effects or must be
administered in a way that requires the services of trained personnel.
 Prescription drugs must contain the label “_____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________”
 An over-the-counter drug is considered safe for the animal, the person administering the
medication, people who come into contact with the animal, the human food chain, and the
environment
 Some drugs are OTC in certain dose forms or concentrations and Rx in others
 Although LVTs cannot prescribe medications, they can fill drug orders and
dispense medications under the direction of a licensed veterinarian.
 Do not automatically refill medications without the permission of the prescribing
veterinarian.
 It is illegal to fill a prescription from another veterinary practice.
 Name of prescribing veterinarian
 Name, address, and phone number of clinic
 Name of patient or ID of patient with and
client’s last name
 Drug name, concentration, and number of
units dispensed
 Date (also thorough to have expiration date)
 Refills
 Dose, frequency, route of administration,
duration of treatment
 Cautionary statements
 Withdrawal or discard times (food animals)
 Childproof containers vs. pill envelopes
 Temperature of storage environment
 Cold, Cool, Room Temp, Warm, Excessive Heat
 Amber bottles
 Silica packets
 Reconstituted meds and bacterial growth
 A substance that has the potential for physical addiction, psychological addiction,
and/or abuse
 C-I: extreme potential for abuse, no approved veterinary purpose (heroin, LSD, marijuana,
ecstasy)
 C-II: high potential for abuse/dependence (hydrocodone, cocaine, morphine, pentobarbital,
Ritalin, Adderall, Demerol, OxyContin)
 C-III: some potential for abuse/low moderate dependence (ketamine, Tylenol with codeine,
testosterone)
 C-IV: low potential for abuse/limited dependence (butorphanol, Valium, Tramadol, Ambien,
Xanax)
 C-V: lowest potential for abuse. Antitussives and antidiarrheals (Lomotil, Robitussin AC, Lyrica)