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Early History of Europe
Classical Greece & Rome
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Both have made major contributions to the
Western World even today
Classical
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Classical period : great achievements
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800 B.C. - 400 A.D
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Or Golden Age
Classical Greece
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Had been ruled by kings
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City-states, or polis
Created a government where the people are in
direct control
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What form of government did they create?
Democracy
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World First Democracy
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Direct Democracy
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All citizens participate
Who do you think was a citizen?
What were their rights & responsibilities
United States
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Representative Democracy
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Constitutional based Federal Republic with strong
democratic traditions
Athens & Sparta
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2 most powerful city-states in Greece
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Athens favored education
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Sparta favored military training
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thinking/philosophy
Always be prepared for war
United for the Persian War
Fought in against each other in Peloponnesian
War
Greek Culture Spread
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Greece is conquered by Philip II of Macedonia
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Alexander the Great
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Spread culture from Egypt to Asia
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Alexandria Egypt
Hellenistic: Greek Like
Eventually fall the Romans
Rome
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Romes beginning
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Twins : Romulus & Remus
Rome
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Rome created on 7 hills
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Open for attack
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Create a powerful military
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Expanding Rome
Borrowed ideas from Greece
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Latin alphabet, art, religion, mythology
Creating a Republic
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First ran by king
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Republic: people choose their leaders
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Lead by 2 consuls
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Consuls: elected by the people to represent
them
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Senate: landowners who serve for life
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Created 12 Bronze Tables in which all laws
were written & dispayed
Roman Empire
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264 -146 BC
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War: Punic War/ Invasions
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Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean
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Gave them Roman citizenship
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Began trading with India & China
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Fall of a Republic and beginning of an empire
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Emperor: absolute ruler for life (dictator)
Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar
Pax Romana: 200 year os Peace
Roman Achievements
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Temples, stadiums, baths
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Colosseum
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Pantheon
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Aqueducts
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Road
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Increased the population of Rome
Christianity
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Jesus was born under Caesar Augustus
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Jesus Death
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Disciples spread Christianity to Rome
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Many Christians were persecuted for their
beliefs
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Later emperors made Christianity the official
religion of Rome
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Constantine
Fall of Rome
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Moved the capital of Rome to what is now
present day Istanbul, Turkey
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Named it Constantinople
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Plagues
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Western part of Rome falls to Germans
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Eastern part of Rome becomes known at the
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Byzantine Empire that will last another 1000 yrs