Transcript Golden Age.
Bellringer: 11/28 and 11/29 • 1. Pick up the papers at the door. • 2. Study for your quiz for 5 minutes. After your quiz: • 1. Turn your quiz into the class drawer. • 2. Update your ToC: Page 57: Quiz – Greek Forms of Gov’t/Athens v. Sparta Page 58: Notes – Golden Age of Athens • 3. Write down your HW: Start studying for your Persian Wars/Golden Age quiz on FRIDAY 12/2 (1st and 2nd) and MONDAY 12/5 (6th). • 4. Consider the question below. Have an answer ready for discussion. What does a civilization need in order to experience a “Golden Age”? The Golden Age of Athens Ms. Allen 2016-2017 Pre-AP WHI The Start of the Golden Age • The Persian Wars (499-480 BC) were decisive in the history of the West. Greece wins! • Had the Greeks been defeated, the cultural and political vitality we associate and inherit from the Greeks would never have evolved. • The confidence and pride from these victories propelled Greece and Athens, in particular, to its “Golden Age.” Setting the Stage for the Golden Age • 477 to 431 BC: • Intellectual increased • During • Drama, & artistic learning greatly the GOLDEN AGE: sculpture, poetry, science architecture, philosophy, etc. is promoted and advances in Greece Enter Pericles: Who is he? • Pericles = central political figure in Athens during the Golden Age • More “behind the scenes” influence • Makes Athens a cultural center • Developed public works (Parthenon) How did Pericles earn credibility as a ruler? • Leader of a faction of government that favored spreading democracy at home and abroad. Spread democracy in Athens • He also stressed including all classes in democracy • Fought in the Battle of Salamis What role did Pericles play in Athenian government? How did he further this role? • Expanded involvement of Athenians in democracy. Lower class citizens eligible for office • Generals could be reelected without limit (helped him stay in power. Politics and Government: • Three main bodies: Assembly- all citizens eligible to take part in government The Council of 500- wrote the laws that would be voted on by the Assembly Complex Court Systems - 6,000 people from the Assembly would hear trials and sentence criminals. • The Archon- served as chief of state (9 elected) Head of both the Council of 500 and Assembly, elected for one year term Politics and Government: Definition of Athenian Citizen • Who was a citizen? Only landowning free men over 30 who completed military training. Only about 10% of population could participate in government affairs. Vote in all elections Serve in office if elected Serve on juries Serve in military during war Politics and Government: Overview of Athenian Democracy • Important Aristocrats (Noblemen) Draco- reformed laws He believed that harsh punishment would solve unrest. Rich/Poor gap grew! Solon- revised Draco’s laws Overturn harshest laws: Debt Slavery abolished Allowed ALL men to participate in the Assembly, not all can hold office. Peisistratus – tyrannical ruler Tyrant- seized power by force Cleisthenes- wanted to reduce aristocratic power created the Council of 500 to break up aristocratic family power Greek Drama • Two kinds: Tragedies and comedies Tragedies - stories of human suffering; usually ended in disaster. Tragic writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides Comedies, humorous plays that mocked people or customs. Comedic writers: Aristophanes Famous Greek Playwrights Comedy: • Aristophanes (Lysistrata) Tragedy: • Aeschylus (Oresteia) • Sophocles (Oedipus Rex) • Euripides Characteristics of Plays Comedy • Use of grotesque masks and obscene jokes to entertain. Tragedy • Contained a suffering hero and usually ended in disaster. Purpose or Agenda of Plays • • Criticizing the government Address contemporary social issues. • Good and evil • Conflict between spiritual values and demands of the state Art • Statues active. very lifelike and What were the techniques that made Greek sculpture unique? • Frequently focused on nude figures • More flexible style. • Faces showed feeling and attitude • Ideal standard of beauty in figures. • Ideal proportions found through mathematical ratios. History & Science • History Herodotus = “first historian” or “father of history” Thucydides showed the need to avoid bias. • Medicine Hippocrates & the Hippocratic Oath – all patients must be treated regardless of class End is near: Golden Age isn’t all golden • Athens’ growth and achievement and $$$ alarmed other city-states in Greece. • City-states felt threatened by Athens’ imperial attitude.