Transcript Ancient Greece - Cobb Learning

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City-states develop
throughout
Ancient Greece
Ruled by Tyrants
Dorian Period:
Greek “Dark
Ages.” No records
Athens & Sparta
ally to win war
with Persia
(Persian War)
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2)
Pericles leads
Athens for 32 of 50
year Golden Age
Honest and Fair,
Pericles is a respect
politician and
general
“Our Constitution is
called Democracy because
power is in the hands not
of minority but of the
whole people.”
3) Pericles had 3
main goals
a) Strengthen
Democracy
b) Hold and
strengthen the
empire
c) Glorifying
Athens
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Increased the
number of paid
politicians so poor
Athenians were
included
Direct Democracy:
Athenians
participated
without
representatives
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Post-Persian War,
Athens creates
Delian League, an
alliance of Greek
city-states (polis)
Athens comes to
dominate Delian
League
Pericles uses money
from Delian League
to create massive
Navy
4) Control of Delian
League allowed Athens
to treat some polis as
part of their empire.
5) Others, like Sparta,
resisted Athenian
influence.
6) This would lead to
the Peloponnesian
War.
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Pericles used money
from the Delian
League to beautify
Athens.
Commissioned
great buildings and
sculptures.
The Parthenon, a
temple dedicated to
Athena, is an
example.
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A part of Athen’s
acropolis
Used traditional
Greek design
Designed by
Phidias is 23,000 sq.
ft containing a 30ft
ivory statue of
Athena
Influenced the
architecture of other
cultures.
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Greek plays (theatre)
thrived on topics of
comedies &
tragedies.
Comedies included
slapstick and crude
humor
Tragedies were
related to love, hate,
war and betrayal.
Often stage in
outdoor
amphitheaters
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Writing and records
keep are essential
parts of civilization.
Herodotus:
considered 1st
historian. His work
on Persian War is 1st
history book.
Thucydides:
believed history
repeated itself. To
understand present
look to the past!
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Sparta grew angry
at the success of
Athens. In 431 B.C,
declares war.
Pericles’s navy
strongest. Waits to
attack by sea.
Pericles cannot
defeat the Spartan
army on the ground.
Unfortunately,
Athens lays inland.
5) Sparta attacks by
land. Athenians move
inside city walls
6) Disaster Strikes
Athens. Plague kills
1/3 of Athenians
including Pericles.
7) Athens continues to
fights. Sign truce in
421 B.C.
8) Peace does not last
long.
9) In 415 B.C., Athens
attacks Syracuse, a
Spartan ally.
10) Syracuse was
Sparta’s wealthiest
ally.
11) Sparta completely
destroy Athenian navy
& army
12) Athens surrenders.
Empire is lost. Sparta
wins Peloponnesian
War
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Following their
defeat, Athenians
look to logic and
reason to explain
their dramatic
decline.
A group called
Sophists question
traditional ways of
life including the
gods.
Many Athenians are
angered by their
work
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Socrates questioned
the Sophists. He
believed in set
standards for truth &
justice.
Asked Athenians to
question their moral
character.
Socrates was
convicted of
“corrupting the
youth” and sentenced
to death.
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A student of Socrates
Plato’s Apology tells
of the trial and
execution of Socrates.
Best works is The
Republic. Believed
that intellectuals
should run the
republic,
“philosopher king.”
Plato’s school was
called Academy.
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A student of Plato at
the Academy.
Developed a method
of arguing through
the use of logic.
We know that today
as the Scientific
Method.
Opened the Lyceum
as his school.
Called to Macedonia
to teach a Prince
Alexander
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In 359 B.C., King
Phillip II of
Macedonia defeats
Athens.
Athens under
Macedonian control,
Phillip’s son,
Alexander, prepares
to be king.
Under Aristotle, he
learned science,
geography and
literature.
4) Learned the art
of war and
leadership.
5) Becomes king at
age 20.
6) Known for
cruelty in war,
remaining Greek
city-states
surrender to him.
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Alexander’s
cavalry race
toward Anatolia in
Persian Empire.
Persian King
Darius III cannot
stop Alexander
Darius evacuates.
Alexander claims
western Persian
Empire, including
Egypt.
4) Alexander attacks
Darius at Persepolis,
Persian capital.
5) Darius flees again.
Alexander takes control
of Persian Empire.
6) Alexander burns
Persepolis to mark end
of Persian empire.
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Alexander finds
Darius murdered
near Caspian Sea.
Moves east toward
Mauryan Empire in
India.
Conquers Mauryans
up to Indus River
valley.
In 323 B.C.,
Alexander dies
having conqueror
most of the known
world to Greeks.
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Alexander spreads
Greek culture into
conquered lands.
The blending of Greek
culture with Egyptian,
Persian & Indian is
called Hellenistic
Culture
Capital of Hellenistic
culture was
Alexandria, Egypt.
Alexandria was the
center of learning
including the Great
Library.
5) The Great Library
contained half a
million papyrus
documents.
6) It included a
museum, a zoo, a
botanical garden, and a
shrine to the greek
gods.
7)) Alexandria was the
home of a 2nd wonder
of Ancient world, The
Pharos or Great
Lighthouse.
Aristarchus of Samos
Proved that the sun
was larger than the
earth
Proved that the planet
revolved around the
son (unfortunately, no
one listened to him.)
2) Eratosthenes
-closely calculated the
circumference of the
earth.
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Euclid
-father of geometry
taught at Alexandria
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2) Archimedes
-developed Pi
-developed
principles of
pneumatic pressure
-developed prototype
steam engine
1)Stoicism
Stoics believe people
should live virtuous
lives in harmony with
gods and nature
2) Epicureanism
Epicurians taught the
greatest good came from
highest pleasure and
avoidance of pain.