Transcript The Ancient Greeks Sparta and Athens

The Ancient Greeks:
Sparta and Athens
Chapter 4 Section 2
Mrs. Deborah Thompson
World History
Children in ancient Greece
played many games we still play
today including backgammon,
checkers, hockey, and chess
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Tyrant – someone who takes power by
force and rules with authority.
Oligarchy –rule by the few
Democracy – a citizen-run government.
Helot – workers captured and enslaved by
the Spartans.
Powerful nobles with large farms
seized power from the Greek kings.
At the end of
the Dark Age…
Farmers often had to borrow money
from nobles and could not pay back
the debt.
Farmers lost their land and had to
work for the nobles or were sold into
slavery.
Changes in the
Power Structure
Tyrants, or people who take power
by force and rule with total
authority, arose.
Unhappy farmers
demanded
changes
Tyrants overthrew nobles because
they had the backing of the common
people.
Support came from the hoplites in
the army, who were also farmers.
Most early Greek
tyrants acted wisely
and fairly.
1
2
Tyrants made themselves popular by
building new marketplaces, temples,
and protective walls.
Most Greeks didn’t want rule
by one person, so
tyrants fell out of favor.
Sparta
had an
oligarchy.
Athens had
a
democracy.
3
By 500 B.C. most city-states
became either oligarchies
or democracies.
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SPARTA
Life in Sparta
Started with …
Sparta was founded by the Dorians who
invaded the Peloponnesus in the Dark Age.
Then this happened …
Sparta needed more land to grow, so they
conquered and enslaved their neighbors.
And that led to this …
They called their captive workers helots,
a Greeks word for “capture”.
So this happened …
Spartans feared that the helots
might rebel against them.
The results were …
To keep the helots under control they
created a strong military of boys and men.
They were harshly treated to make them tough.
Children were raised to
be soldiers or the
mothers of soldiers.
Boys were sent to live
in military barracks at
the age of 7.
At age 20, Spartan
men entered the
regular army and lived
in the military barracks
for another 10 years.
Men trained heavily
in combat and
expected either to
win or to die on the
battlefield.
Spartan men
returned home at
age of 30 but stayed
in the army until
age 60.
Spartan girls were
trained in sports such
as running, wrestling,
and throwing
the javelin.
They kept fit to
become healthy
mothers.
Spartan Women
Women ran the
homes and farms
while the men were
in the military
and living in
the barracks.
Spartan women
were freer than
other Greek
women and could
own property.
Goddess Artemis was often seen
as a Patron goddess and warrior
in Sparta.
Means rule by a few.
Two kings headed a council of elders.
The council included 28 citizens over age 60
and presented laws to an assembly.
Oligarchy
Assembly
Sparta’s
Government
All Spartan men over age 30 belonged to the
assembly.
They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5
people to be ephors.
Ephors enforced the laws and managed tax
collection.
The Spartans focused on military
skills to control the people they
conquered.
Focused
Military
Training
To prevent
questioning of the
Spartan system of
government
Discouraged
foreign
visitors
Banned
travel
abroad
for any
reason
except
military
ones
Frowned
upon
citizens
who
studied
literature
or the
arts.
Spartans
fell behind
other
Greeks in
trade and
they knew
less about
science
and other
subjects.
Spartans
soldiers
were
strong
and
swift.
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Athens lay northeast of Sparta, at least a two-day trip
away.
Unlike Spartans, Athenians were more
interested in building a democracy than
building a military force.
Athenian boys went to school where they learned
reading, writing, math, music, and sports to become well
rounded citizens.
At age 18, boys finished school and
became citizens.
Women married and stayed home to keep house
and to teach their own daughters.
Athenian girls stayed at home and their mothers taught
them spinning, weaving, and other household duties.
Early Athens
1.
Athens after
600 B.C.
4.Athenians rebelled
against the nobles because
many were farmers who
owed money and had to
sell themselves into
slavery to pay their
Government
debts.
Until the 600’s B.C.,
Athens was ruled by
landowning nobles.
2.
Members of the
assembly were
chosen by
lottery.
3.
An assembly of citizens
existed with few powers
and the government
was an oligarchy.
of Athens
5.
Farmers demanded an
end to all debts and land
for the poor.
6.
In 594 B.C. the nobles
turned to Solon as a leader.
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
The Acropolis Today
The Parthenon
The Agora
Olympia
Olympia: Temple to Hera
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8ztMlmavB
w
The 2004 Olympics
Canceled all
the farmers
debts.
A council of 400
wealthy citizens
wrote the laws
but the assembly
had to pass them.
Freed those
who had
become
slaves.
Solon’s Reforms
to the
Government
Allowed all male
citizens to
participate in the
assembly and law
courts.
Refused to
give away
the wealthy
nobles’ land.
Solon, Reformer of Athens
1.
After Solon,
there were
30 years of
turmoil.
3.
He also loaned
money poor
people and
gave them jobs
in public works.
2.
A tyrant named
Peisistratus seized
power in 560 B.C.
and won support of
the poor by dividing
large estate among
landless farmers.
4.
Cleisthenes
came to power
in 508 B.C. and
reorganized
the assembly.
Gave assembly
power
Power to
debate
matters
openly,
hear
court
cases
and
appoint
army
generals.
Reforms of
Cleisthenes
Created a
council of 500
citizens
Helped the
assembly
carry out daily
business such
as: proposing
laws, dealing
with foreign
countries, and
overseeing
the treasury.
Made Athens
a Democracy
Although
women,
foreign-born
men, and
slaves were
excluded
from voting.
The impact of Cleisthenes'
reforms was felt almost
immediately, revolutionizing all
aspects of Athenian life.
Democracy released unheard of
potentials in its citizens and
ushered in an age of
achievement and prosperity.
What happened to Cleisthenes
after instituting his reforms is,
however, a mystery.