Transcript Chapter 22 Substance Abuse PowerPoint

Substance Abuse
The effect of medicine and drugs on
the body
The Role of Medicine
 Medicines- drugs that are used to treat or
prevent diseases or other conditions.
 Drugs- substances other than food that
change the structure or function of the
body of mind.
 All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs
are medicines (prevent disease, fight
pathogens, relieve pain, manage chronic
pain)
Preventing Disease
 Vaccines- a preparation that prevents a
person from contracting a specific
disease.
 About 95% of children receive vaccines.
 Vaccines contain a weakened or dead
pathogen that cause disease.
Fighting Pathogens
 Antibiotics- these are a class of drugs
that destroy disease- causing bacteria.
This will help from bacteria from
reproducing!
 Can cause side effects or allergies. You
can also can adapt over time and you
can develop a resistance.
 When antibiotics are overused
 When a patient does not finish a perscription
How medicine can enter
the bloodstream
 Oral medicine- tablets, capsules, or
liquids
 Topical medicine- applied to skin, can
use a transdermal patch
 Inhaled medicine- such as asthma
medication that can be a fine mist or
powder
 Injected medicine- delivered through a
shot, so it can be delivered right into the
bloodstream
Reactions to Medications
 Side effects- reactions to medicine other
that the one intended.
 Synergistic effect- an interaction of two or
more medications that result in a greater
effect than when each medicine is taken
alone.
Standards of Medication
 Prescription medicines- medications that
are dispensed only with the written
approval of a licensed physician or
nurse-practitioner
 Over-the-counter (OTC) medicinesmedicines that you can buy without a
doctor’s prescription
Substance Abuse
 Substance abuse- any unnecessary or
improper use of chemical substances
 Illegal drugs- chemical substances that
people of any age may not lawfully
manufacture
 Illicit drug use- the use or sale of any
substance that is illegal or otherwise not
permitted
Factors that influence
Teens
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Peer pressure
Family members
Role models
Media messages
Perceptions of drug behavior (how will it
make you feel)
 Misleading information
How can drugs affect your
health?
 Physical health- drug use can result in an
overdose, or a strong, sometimes fatal reaction
to taking a large amount of drugs.
 Mental health- drug use may impair a teen’s
ability to reason and think. Some drugs can
alter the structure and function of the brain.
 Social health- drug use can lead to unhealthy
relationships, crime, suicide, unintentional
injuries.
Other effects of drug use
 Addiction- physiological or psychological
dependence on a drug.
What is Marijuana?
 Most frequently used illicit drug in U.S
 Derived from the leaves or flowering buds of
the cannabis sativa plant
 Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food or
drink to induce its effects
 Effects can be felt within a few minutes and
can last for 3-4 hours
 Can vary in potency depending on the source
or selection of plant materials
Marijuana cont’d
 THC is the chemical that is believed to be
responsible for the psychoactive effects of
marijuana.
 In 1974, the average THC level in marijuana
was less than 1%, in 2002, it was over 6%.
 98% of nearly 8,000 offenders sentenced for
marijuana crimes were guilty of trafficking.
Effects of Marijuana
 Impaired short term
memory
 Impaired attention
 Impaired
coordination and
balance
 Increased heart rate
 Bloodshot eyes
 Dry mouth
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Addiction
Paranoia
Anxiety
Impaired learning
skills
 Long term memory
difficulties
Medical complications
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Chronic cough
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Increased risk of head, neck, and lung cancer
Decrease in testosterone level and lower
sperm count in men
 Increase in testosterone level in women and
increase chance of infertility
Inhalants
 Inhalants- substances whose fumes are
sniffed or inhaled to give an effect.
 Most inhalants depress the CNS
 Some can be used to treat asthma, or
allergies.
 Substances that are used to achieve a
high like solvents, glues, varnishes or
gasoline can have a fatal result.
Inhalant effects
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Glassy stare
Slurred speech
Impaired judgement
Nausea
Coughing
Nosebleeds
Fatigue
Anabolic Steroids
 Synthetic substances similar to male sex
hormones.
 Can result in unnatural muscle growth
 Effects include: weight gain, acne, high
blood pressure, and liver and kidney
failure.
Psychoactive Drugs
 Psychoactive drugs can change the
functioning of the CNS.
 Psychoactive drugs- chemicals that affect
the CNS and alter the activity in the
brain.
 4 main groups include: stimulants,
depressants, opiates, and hallucinogens.
Psychoactive Drugs
 Why do you think that psychoactive
drugs are classified into groups?
 When used correctly, psychoactive drugs
can have medicinal value.
Club Drugs
 Club drugs are usually found at concerts,
clubs, and parties. The are generally
disguised in food or drink without the
person’s knowledge.
 Many club drugs are considered designer
drugs, which is a synthetic drug made to
imitate the effects of other drugs.
Club Drugs
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Ecstasy- stimulant/ hallucinogen
Rohypnol- depressants/ sedative
GHB- depressant
Ketamine- hallucinogen
Meth- stimulant
LSD- hallucinogen
Stimulants
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Stimulants- speed up the CNS
Nicotine
Caffeine
Cocaine- highly addictive; white powder
Crack- highly addictive; can be smoked
or injected
 Amphetamines- highly addictive; used to
stay alert
Stimulant effects on body
 Stimulant use can lead to: depression,
fatigue, paranoia, liver failure,
physiological dependence, death.
Depressants
 Depressants- slow down the CNS
 Barbiturates- sedative; usually cause
mood swings, and sleeplessness.
 Tranquilizers- used to relieve anxiety,
muscle spasms, or sleeplessness.
Hallucinogens
 PCP- creates a distorted sense of time,
increase muscle strength, violence, and
inability to feel pain.
 DMX- or “tussin”, is a cough suppressant
sold OTC; when used correctly, it is not
dangerous. When misused, it can cause
paranoia, panic attacks, nausea, and
addiction.
Opiates
 Derived from opium plants; use for pain
management and can only be obtained by
prescription
 Codeine- highly addictive; used in some
prescription cough medicines
 Morphine- prescribed to treat severe pain
 Oxycodone- used to treat or manage chronic
pain; can cause death from respiratory failure.
Healthy Alternative
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Hobbies
Sports
Community Activities
School Organizations
Drug Prevention
 Drug Free School Zones- areas within
1,000-1,500 ft. of schools within which
people caught selling drugs receive
especially severe penalties.
 Drug Watches- organized community
efforts by neighborhood residents to
patrol and monitor.
Getting Help
 Rehabilitation- process of medial and
psychological treatment for physiological
or psychological dependence on a drug
or alcohol.
 Outpatient Treatment
 Short-term
 Maintenance Programs
 Therapeutic communities