Transcript Document

Chapters 1 & 2
 Recognizes reactions and side effects to medications
 Monitors anesthesia and recovers patients
 Monitors hospitalized patients’ response to medications
 Administer medications as prescribed
 Explain medications to clients, demonstrate how to administer, answer their questions
 Understand why their patients are on certain medications
 Fill drug orders and correctly write drug labels
 Properly chart administered medication
 Recognize allergic or anaphylactic reactions
 Correctly calculate drug doses
 All drugs are potentially poisons.
 Drugs may be safe when administered by one route, yet deadly when administered another
way.
 Just because a medication is safe for one species doesn’t mean it is safe for all species
 Be cautious of getting too comfortable with medications. A complication will arise when you
least expect it.
 The published dosage range is not always a safe dose for an animal.
 When you begin to administer the same medications routinely, inappropriate dose
calculations should “feel wrong”.
 Chemical name
 N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide
 Nonproprietary/generic name/active ingredient
 acetaminophen
 Proprietary/trade name
 Tylenol
 Generic equivalent
 Drugs that have properties equivalent to the original
 Not all drugs have generic versions
 Chemical name
 ethyl 4-(8-chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-
11-ylidene) -1-piperidinecarboxylate
 Nonproprietary/generic name/active ingredient
 loratadine
 Proprietary/trade name
 Claritin
 Generic equivalent
 Drugs that have properties equivalent to the original
 Not all drugs have generic versions
 http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/drugs/trade-
name_and_generic_drugs/overview_of_generic_drugs_and_drug_naming.h
tml
 Dose= amount of drug administered to a patient at one time
 50 mg
 Dosage/dosage regimen= determination of the amount to be given (over time)
 15 mg/kg b.i.d. x 7d
 Description of a drug’s physical appearance
 TABLETS – powdered drugs compressed into disks
 Molded: soft, chewable tablets that are mixed with a sugar and flavored
 Enteric-coated: tablets with a coating that protects the drug against the acidity of the
stomach. Drug remains intact until the small intestines.
 Coated tablets have a glossy sugar coating to disguise the taste, make it easier to swallow, and
ID concentration
 CAPLETS – powdered drugs compressed into capsule-shapes tablets
 GEL CAPS (aka capsules)- powdered drugs placed into a gelatin capsule that
will dissolve in the stomach
 TROCHES (aka lozenges) – powdered drugs in a hard, candy-like tablet that is
kept in the mouth and slowly dissolved
 SUPPOSITORIES – placed in the rectum where they are dissolved and absorbed
 SOLUTION- a drug that is completely dissolved in a liquid and does not
settle out or precipitate when left standing
 Syrup: drug is dissolved in sugar water
 Elixir: drug is dissolved in alcohol
 SUSPENSION- a liquid that contains a drug that does not dissolve within
it, but settles at the bottom of a container. Bottle needs to be shaken to
evenly resuspend the medication
 Emulsion: drug is mixed with a liquid fat or an oil
 TINCTURE- alcohol solution applied to the skin
 LINIMENT- drugs dissolved or suspended in an oil base and rubbed on the skin
 LOTION- drug suspensions or solutions that are applied to the skin without
rubbing
 OINTMENT – suspensions or solutions that liquefy at body temperature
 PASTE- semisolid, oral medications that keep their form at body temperature
 AMPULE- small, airtight glass containers. Must be broken to access drug
 VIAL- glass bottles with rubber stoppers that must be punctured by a needle to access the
drug
 Multidose: antibiotics, anesthetics, antiinflammatories
 Single-dose: vaccines
 REPOSITORY/DEPOT – formulated to prolong absorption from the site of administration
 Implants: solid injected/inserted under the skin
 EXTRACT- therapeutic agent composed of plant or animal parts
 Package inserts, Text books, Formularies, PDR
 Info that may be listed in drug references:
 The copyrighted or trademarked name of the drug
 Whether or not the drug is over the counter or prescription
 Whether or not the drug is a controlled substance and if so which class
 Phonetic spelling of name
 Nonproprietary name
 Dosage form
 USP
 Drug characteristics and inert ingredients
 Indications
 Precautions, warnings, and contraindications
 ADR
 How to treat an overdose
 Dosage and administration