Transcript Sociology - EZWebSite

Sociology Chapter 1
Section 1
“Examining the Social Life”
Sociology and Other Social
Sciences
Standards 1.1, 1.3, 1.7, 1.9,
& 1.11
What is Sociology?
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Social Science: Disciplines that study human
social behavior or institutions and the functions
of human society in a scientific manner
Sociology: The Science that studies human
society and social behavior
Sociologists study how people relate to each
other
The focus is on the GROUP over the individual
Social Interaction: how people relate to each
other and influence one another’s behavior
Social Phenomenon: Observable facts or events
Other Social Sciences that Study
Human Behavior
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1. Anthropology
Closest to Sociology
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Study Past Cultures
Study Present Less
“Complicated” Societies
* Sociology studies
more “Complex”
(Urban) Societies
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2. Psychology
Focus on “Individual”
behavior
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Exception: Social
Psychology: How does
environment affect
personality?
* Sociology focuses on
“group” behavior
Other Social Sciences…
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Economics:
Study how people
satisfy wants and
needs
* Sociologists study
distribution of
economic resources
and the impact of this
“unequal distribution”
on various social
groups
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Political Science:
Organization and
operations of
Government
Sociologists study the
distribution of political
power and the
formation of
“politically” based
groups
…Other Social Sciences
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History
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Study of the past
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HOW DOES THE PAST INFLUENCE THE PRESENT:
Not JUST knowing what happened!
 Social Structure?…etc
 *Sociologists borrow freely from ALL other social
sciences
Thinking Like a Sociologist
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Your…
Values
Beliefs
Lifestyle Choices
Experiences
Historical Events
Technologies
Are all influenced by
Sociology and Shape who
you are
Eg. Internet: has created a
“New Form” of isolationmany people are spending
too much time “online” and
not enough with family
Internet is also positive
because it can “broaden”
horizons
Crime: FBI: Violent crime is
committed every 22
Seconds
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Sociological Perspective
By taking a scientific look
into human group
behavior, one can gain a
view of oneself in relation
to the rest of society
One can also look beyond
common beliefs and find
hidden meanings behind
human actions
 Middle vs. Lower
Class
 How do expectations
of society affect
individual behavior?
 Help to find a balance
between personal
desires and demands
of environment
 How does
environment shape
individual beliefs?
Answer These Three Questions
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List five ways that the current political/social
unrest in the Middle East affects you
Draft; Gas Prices…etc
List five ways that illegal immigration into the
United States affects you or your family
Jobs; Taxes…etc
List some ways that “outsourcing” can affect you
Steel Mills vs. Foreign Steel (Tariffs vs. Foreign
retaliation)- Lack of GOOD jobs
Sociological Imagination
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C. Wright Mills
“…ability to see the
connection between
the larger world and
our personal lives.”
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Ex. War in the Middle
East and rising gas
prices
Sociology
Chapter 1 Section 2
“The Development of Sociology”
1.2-1.11
The Early Years
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Sociology did not develop until the 1800’s (The “New”
Science)
Industrial Revolution:
Major reason for the emergence of Sociology
 With the Industrial Revolution came the emergence
of MODERN CITIES
 Social Problems developed
 1. Work
 2. Housing
 3. Crime
 4. Pollution
 Political Problems of late 1700 early 1800’s
 American and French Revolutions
 “Why did this happen?”
Early European Scholars
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Birthplace(s)
France, Germany, and
England
*Early Industrialized
Nations
*Comte: Influenced later
sociologists*
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Auguste Comte:
“Father of Sociology”
First to use to term
French: 1789-1857
Wanted to find
solutions to chaos of
revolution
Developed scientific
approach to social
issues
Two basic problems:
“Order and Change”
Social Statics: Society
remains stable over
long period of time
(China)
Social Dynamics:
Elements change to
allow for social change
Harriet Martineau: 1802-1876
Born into a middle class English family
 1837: Wrote Society in America: Based
on observations made while traveling in
U.S.
 Review of how well the U.S. lived up to
its promise of Democracy
 Believed that Scholars should
“objectively” study society and promote
positive change from research
 Why do you think many of
Harriet Martineau’s theories
were ignored by Sociologists?
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Herbert Spencer and Social
Darwinism
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Herbert Spencer
English: 1820-1903
Influenced by Charles Darwin
Darwin wrote the Origin of Species
“Survival of the fittest”
Social Darwinism: Spencer took Darwin’s
theories and applied them to human SOCIETY
(Compared Society to Nature)
Would Herbert Spencer support our Welfare
System? Why/Why not?
Karl Marx and the Conflict
Perspective
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Karl Marx
German: 1818-1883
Died Poor
Society based on structure of
economy
Wrote “Communist
Manifesto”
Society broken into two
classes
Bourgeoisie: Capitalists:
Own the means of
production
Proletariat: Labor and
Skill workers: Middle
class
Classes will experience conflict
Conflict will lead to social
unrest
Unrest will lead to a failure in
“the system”
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Conflict
Perspective
Advocated by Marx
Focus on forces in
society that lead
to inequality,
competition, and
change
*Conflict WILL
lead to change
*Most influential
theory of the
Twentieth Century
Later European Scholars
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Emile Durkheim
French: 1858-1903
First to apply methods of science to
social issues (Scientific Method)
Tested theories through use of
Statistics
Did in-depth research on Suicide
Functionalists Perspective
Different aspects of society
interrelate with one another to hold
society together
Ex. Religion has a role in keeping
society stable by teaching a morals
Functionalist Perspective
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Spencer and Durkheim
Society is a set of interrelated parts that
work together to form stability in society
People agree on what is best and Most
follow the rules
Function: Consequence that an element of
society produces for the maintenance of
social stability (Religion)
Dysfunction: Something that takes away
from the stability of society (Crime)
Manifest function: Intended function of
some element of society (LAWS: keep
order)
Latent function: Unintended function of
some element of society (Cell phone =
communication and “Social Status”)
Max Weber (Vay bur)
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Germany: 1864-1920
1910: Founded the German
Sociological Society
Focused on “smaller” groups and
individuals
Interactionist
Verstehen (fehr-shtay-en)
Empathy
Putting yourself in someone
else’s place
Ideal Type: Essential
Characteristic of some aspect of
society
Ex: School: all are not “Exactly”
the same, but they are very close
American Scholars
Jane Addams: 1860-1935
 Founded Hull House- See Page 13
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W.E.B. Dubois 1868-1963
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Wrote: The Souls
of Black Folk:
1903
Helped found the
National
Association for the
Advancement of
Colored People
NAACP: 1906